Abstract
Abstract A multispectral approach is used to optimize the identification of raining clouds located at a given altitude estimated from the cloud-top temperature. The approach combines information from five channels on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES): visible (0.65 μm), near infrared (3.9 μm), water vapor (6.7 μm), and window channels (11 and 12 μm). The screening of nonraining clouds includes the use of spatial gradient of cloud-top temperature for cirrus clouds (this screening is applied at all times) and the effective radius of cloud-top particles derived from the measurements at 3.9 μm during daytime. During nighttime, only clouds colder than 230 K are considered for the screening; during daytime, all clouds having a visible reflectance greater than 0.40 are considered for the screening, and a threshold of 15 μm in droplet effective radius is used as a low boundary of raining clouds. A GOES rain rate for each indicated raining ...
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