Abstract
This article contrasts Chinese government support for the minority cultural revival among the Bai and Dai in Yunnan Province, with a crackdown on religious expression in Beijing. Inconsistencies in the state's behaviour in these cases might be attributed to arbitrary decision-making, or to "internal orientalism". It is argued here, however, that the state's actions reflect its overarching goals of both economic modernisation and political legitimation. Official promotion of minority cultural practice fosters the economic development of minority areas and enables local officials to justify their authority and projects in identity-based terms.
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