Godforsakennes as an Absolute of the World Modelled by the Ukrainian Novel Discourse of the Second Half of the XIX Century

Abstract

The problematic of the article concerns motivating the prospects of studying the artistic modelling as a peculiar display of the author’s intentions. The study is based on the Ukrainian novel discourse of the second half of the XIX century. The following methods were in the article: cultural-historic, partly-semantic, psychological, the method of motif analysis.
 The main attention is paid to man as the central element of the world model. The results of the observations prove that it is man who is the main destructive factor that makes the modelled world unstable, causes its deformations – social, ideological, economic, cultural. A particular aspects of the study is the objective and subjective conditions of being self-harmonisation, of mutual balance of aspirations and possibilities of their realization, shown on the example of the works in which the social, the psychological dominates in the view of the world and man in it, novels of the wide problem-thematic range and worldview esthetics. The above made it possible to make a surmise about the dominance of a tendency of individual’s disadaptation under the conditions of global social changes, hence distorted ideas about the moral-ethical priorities, the dialectics of the spiritual and the material in the process of creating being.
 The article also deals with the issues of purely mental shifts in a person’s being, a person’s levelling, mainly represented in the analyzed novels through the binary opposition ''breaking out / estrangement (from the family, nation, beliefs, faith)'' that manifest itself in mental disorders, melancholic states, apathy. Stone in the article is the symbol of that process as in point to a person’s withdrawal from the commandment about the love to their fellow-creatures.
 The techniques through which the authors localized the above mentioned processes were singled out, among them the rising gradation, oxymoron. It is them that helped to depict the godforsaken world in which man will never become a complete, integral character, remaining a person for whom the goal of their own existence and the future of the world are not clear.
 A conclusion is drawn that studying the total of artistic models in the diachrony of the literary process development will form a macroworld that is maximally similar to the objective one.