Abstract
Aim: To investigate anti-proliferative effect of fresh and pasteurized goat milk against colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, CT-26).
 Study Design: Experimental study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between January 2020 and April 2020.
 Methodology: Samples comprised of two types goat milk, which were fresh and pasteurized in powder form. The samples were analysed for the anti-proliferative effect by MTT assay, and IC50 value was determined. Then, cell apoptotic changes were observed by light inverted microscope by 24, 48 and 72 hours.
 Results: Experimental data showed that the fresh sample produce the highest yield (9.40%) than the pasteurized sample (7.17%). The fresh sample yielded the most potent cytotoxic value (0.28 ± 0.03), followed by pasteurized sample with value IC50 0.32 ± 0.02 against HCT-116 cells. Then, the anti-proliferative effect was observed on cell apoptotic changes by reduction of cell volume, cell densed, and presence of fragmentation and apoptotic bodies at 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the fresh sample of goat milk yielded the potent anti-proliferative effect than pasteurized sample.
Highlights
Colorectal or colon cancer is regarded as the third most common cancer in women and the second most common cancer in men in Malaysia [1]
The goal of this study was to see if fresh and pasteurized goat milk had an anti-proliferative impact on colon cancer cell lines HT-29, HCT-116, and CT-26
The goat milk used in this study was from Saanen goat that was obtained from Ladang Pasir Akar, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) at Kampus Besut, Terengganu
Summary
Colorectal or colon cancer is regarded as the third most common cancer in women and the second most common cancer in men in Malaysia [1]. The value of goats for human nourishment, their milk, has most likely been known since their domestication.The goat was once regarded as the "poor man's cow" because it was more cheap and easy to reproduce in any situation [5]. Goat milk and its processed products as functional foods have received increasing attention from the food industry and have been used in the current trend of healthy eating patterns in developing countries, sustaining nourishment and health for people of all ages, those who are allergic to cow's milk [6]. When compared to cow milk, goat milk contains less pesticides and has a different microbial composition, making it a healthier alternative [5]
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