Génesis del fundamentalismo islámico. Auge de los movimientos islamistas globales con los ejemplos de Egipto y Argelia de 1979 a 2001

Abstract

Since the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan that same year, a new phenomenon in contemporary history, which is the rise of Islam, was developed. During the 90s, it became a movement of global range, expanding across the globe, with huge implications for security, politics and international relations. This article analyzes the reason or principles by which Islamist movements emerged, the reason for their radicalization, how their ideology affects international security, using in this case two clear examples, viz. Algeria in the Maghreb and Egypt in the Mashreq. It discusses the nearly 30 years of Islamist rise, its causes, political motivations, modus operandi, its involvement in the regional politics of the Middle East as well as its international expansion and proselytism, where a large and complex activity by these groups is located. Keywords: Islamism, Middle East, armed groups, armed Islamic group, Islamic Jihad.