Abstract
In this study, 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) nanoparticles were synthesized by the glycothermal method under various reaction temperatures and times. The co-precipitated precursor of 3Y-TZP was prepared by adding <TEX>$NH_4OH$</TEX> to starting solutions, and then the mixtures were placed in an autoclave reactor. Tetragonal yttria-doped zirconia nanoparticles were afforded through a glycothermal reaction at a temperature as low as <TEX>$220^{\circ}C$</TEX>, using co-precipitated gels of <TEX>$ZrCl_4$</TEX> and <TEX>$YCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$</TEX> as precursors and 1,4-butanediol as the solvent. The synthesized 3Y-TZP particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The 3Y-TZP particles have a stable tetragonal phase only at glycothermal temperatures above <TEX>$200^{\circ}C$</TEX>. To investigate phase transition, the 3Y-TZP particles were heat treated from 400 to <TEX>$1400^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 2 h. Raman analysis indicated that, after heat treatment, the tetragonal phase of the 3Y-TZP particles remained stable. The results of this study, therefore, suggest that 3Y-TZP powders can be prepared by the glycothermal method.
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