Glycerol/organic acid-based ternary deep eutectic solvents as a green approach to recover chitin with different molecular weight from seafood waste

Abstract

In this study, we designed a green and efficient approach for the fractionation of high-purity chitin with tunable molecular weights from seafood waste. This was achieved by using ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) composed of choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor, glycerol as the polyol-based hydrogen bond donor, together with lactic acid or malic acid. Two binary DESs and four TDESs were evaluated for their ability to recover chitin. The extracted chitin exhibited not only high yield with excellent protein and mineral removal, but also high purity with similar crystallinity patterns as standard chitin. However, the average molecular weights, viscosity behavior and morphology of chitin extracted by DESs were varied and influenced by organic acid to glycerol molar ratios. The molecular weights of chitin extracted by lactic acid-based TDES ranged from 264 kDa to 541 kDa, but malic acid-based TEDS displayed a stronger depolymerization effect, resulting in chitin with a smaller molecular weight of less than 300 kDa. Lactic acid-based TDES revealed that the purity of chitin remained higher than 92 % after three cycles. This sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction system holds great potential to recover chitin from seafood waste, opening a new era for chitin extraction and applications.