Abstract
Vegetables and beans are nutrient-dense foods with innate potential to mediate diabetes in a variety of cultures. The present study aims at evaluating vegetables and beans for assessing their glycemic index and response in raising glucose levels in human model. Powdered formulations of vegetables and beans were designed to modulate glycemic response of carbohydrate-rich staples. A randomized, crossover trial was conducted in healthy young adults (n = 24) who were challenged with vegetable powder-supplemented chapatti (VPSC), bean powder-supplemented chapatti (BPSC) and all-purpose wheat flour chapatti (APFC) to evaluate their postprandial glucose (PPG) and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses. In comparison with APFC, feeding VPSC and BPSC to healthy volunteers anticipated significant reduction in PPG (44% reduction in incremental area under the curve (AUC) for VPSC and 46% reduction in incremental AUC for BPSC, p = 0.005). Likewise, significant reduction in PPI levels was observed for VPSC (59%, p = 0.012) and BPSC (47%, p = 0.002) compared to APFC-treated group. The study concludes wheat flour enrichment with vegetables and beans powder as a viable approach to develop cost effective and culturally acceptable low glycemic foods bearing acceptable sensory attributes.
Highlights
Diabetes is widely pervasive with 415 million diagnosed and 193 million undiagnosed cases
Increased consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods generally leads to heightened daily glycemic load, annunciating them as candidates of interest for reducing postprandial glucose (PPG) and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses [7]
Trace amounts of added cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) as part of its essential oil are physiologically meaningful in suppressing PPG [20]. ese excelling features of beans and vegetables are of tremendous interest for researchers and health professionals to design low glycemic response cereal-based food products. e research in question was conducted to develop vegetable powder-enriched and beans powder-enriched wheat flour premixes for preparing organoleptically acceptable chapattis, and to evaluate PPG and PPI responses of the modified recipes in healthy human subjects
Summary
Diabetes is widely pervasive with 415 million diagnosed and 193 million undiagnosed cases. Delayed gastric emptying is referred as one amongst the possible mechanisms for improved metabolic control in diabetic patients [12] Dietary fibers including those derived from beans increase the response of cholecystokinin – a hormone responsible for delayed gastric emptying and provoking satiety for food [13, 14]. Roots of turnip and radish are good sources of soluble fibers and minerals, especially magnesium and zinc, which are necessary cofactors for enzymes that improve glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways Leafy vegetables such as mustard and cabbage have been explored for hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing potential and suggested as adjuvants to oral hypoglycemic drugs [18, 19]. Trace amounts of added cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) as part of its essential oil are physiologically meaningful in suppressing PPG [20]. ese excelling features of beans and vegetables are of tremendous interest for researchers and health professionals to design low glycemic response cereal-based food products. e research in question was conducted to develop vegetable powder-enriched and beans powder-enriched wheat flour premixes for preparing organoleptically acceptable chapattis, and to evaluate PPG and PPI responses of the modified recipes in healthy human subjects
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