Abstract
To identify predictors of favorable changes to postprandial insulin and glucose levels in response to interrupting prolonged sitting time with standing or light-intensity physical activity. Data were combined from four similarly designed randomized acute cross-over trials (n = 129; body mass index [BMI] range, 19.6-44.6 kg·m; South Asian = 31.0%; dysglycemia = 27.1%). Treatments included: prolonged sitting (6.5 h) or prolonged sitting broken-up with either standing or light-intensity physical activity (5 min every 30 min). Time-averaged postprandial responses for insulin and glucose were calculated for each treatment (mean ± 95% confidence interval). Mutually adjusted interaction terms were used to examine whether anthropometric (BMI), demographic (age, sex, ethnicity [white European vs South Asian]) and a cardiometabolic variable (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance)-modified responses. Postprandial insulin and glucose were reduced when individuals interrupted prolonged sitting with bouts of light physical activity, but not with standing. Reductions in time-averaged postprandial insulin were more pronounced if individuals were South Asian compared with white European (-18.9 mU·L [-23.5%] vs -8.2 mU·L [-9.3%]), female compared with male (-15.0 mU·L [-21.2%] vs -12.1 mU·L [-17.6%]) or had a BMI ≥27.2 kg·m (-20.9 mU·L [-22.9%] vs -8.7 mU·L [-18.2%]). Similarly, being female (-0.4 mmol·L [-0.6 mmol·L, -0.2 mmol·L], -6.8% vs -0.1 mmol·L [-0.3 mmol·L, 1 mmol·L], -1.7%) or having a BMI ≥27.2 kg·m (-0.4 mmol·L [-0.6 mmol·L, -0.2 mmol·L], -6.7% vs -0.2 mmol·L [-0.4 mmol·L, 0.0 mmol·L], -3.4%) modified the postprandial glucose response. No significant interactions were found for Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance or age. Being female, South Asian, or having a higher BMI, all predicted greater reductions in postprandial insulin, whereas being female and having a higher BMI predicted greater reductions in postprandial glucose when sitting was interrupted with light physical activity. These results could help to guide personalized interventions in high-risk participants for whom breaking prolonged sitting time with light activity may yield the greatest therapeutic potential.
Highlights
Physical activity is known to enhance health and improve postprandial hyperglycemia [6]
There were no significant differences in by anthropometric (BMI), age, fasting, or Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values between those who dropped out and those who were included in this analysis
The results demonstrate that the average blood insulin response for a 60-yr-old, South Asian woman with a BMI of 35 kg·m−2 and HOMA-IR of 2.0, decreased from 90.3 to 58.2 mU·L−1 (35.2% reduction), whereas average responses for a 60-yr-old, white European man, with a BMI of 25 kg·m−2 decreased from 49.5 to 45.1 mU·L−1 (8.9% reduction)
Summary
Physical activity is known to enhance health and improve postprandial hyperglycemia [6]. Epidemiological research has been complemented by acute experimental studies showing that breaking up bouts of prolonged sitting with standing or light-intensity activity elicits significant benefits on markers of metabolic health [11,12,13,14,15]. These results are important as light-intensity activities are behaviorally more ubiquitous than moderate to vigorous physical activity and may be appealing interventional targets in the promotion of metabolic health, while being more culturally acceptable to high-risk groups (e.g., South Asian women). The aim was to determine whether commonly measured demographic, anthropometric, or clinical factors are associated with the postprandial insulin and glucose response when breaking up prolonged sitting, with short bouts of either standing or physical activity, at a light intensity
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