Gluten free pasta with natural ingredient of color and carotene source

Michele Scarton,Tatiane Ribeiro,Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici,Helena Teixeira Godoy,Jorge Herman Behrens,Pedro Henrique Campelo

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13959

Abstract

The gluten-free pasta (GFP) has a higher cost and is often brittle, pale, and poorly balanced in macro and micronutrients when compared to wheat-based pasta. This study aimed to use the biofortified sweet potato flour, a natural source of color and provitamin A ingredient, with rice flour, hydrolyzed soy protein concentrate, and carboxymethyl cellulose gum to produce GFP, using a central composite rotatable design with three factors (23) and the central point. The GFP were evaluated by instrumental color analysis, and visual analysis of technological characteristics (presence of cracks, defect, and shape aspect), used for selection. Three GFP were selected: E1, E2 and E12, which showed absence of breaks or defects and an intermediate aspect after cooking, which were submitted to nutritional, functional and sensory evaluations. These GFPs presented levels of β-carotene of 135.22, 292.04 and 147.54 µg/g (dry basis), respectively, and showed sensory overall liking means in the acceptance region (>4.5) with no significant differences among them. According to the penalty analysis, the parameters color and consistency penalized these averages. Therefore, optimizing the ingredients’ concentrations improved the nutritional value and the sensory acceptability of GFP.

Highlights

The hidden hunger is characterized when the absorption or consumption of essential micronutrients is below the level required for maintaining health conditions (Gödecke et al, 2018)
These individuals may have their immune systems compromised, worsening symptoms of contagious diseases, such as the new coronavirus SARSCoV-2 (Kissler et al, 2020). To mitigate this global problem, the action of organizations like Harvest Plus stands out, which leads the development and diffusion of vegetables biofortified in vitamin A, iron, and zinc in the most affected by hidden hunger developing countries of Central America, Africa, and Asia (Nutti, 2003), and celiac people (Lamacchia et al, 2014)
In Latin America, Brazil is one of the countries attended by the Harvest Plus Challenge Program, coordinated by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – EMBRAPA, where biofortified sweet potato ‘Beauregard’ (BSP) has been planted and consumed in locations among low-income populations (Nutti, 2003)

Summary

Introduction

The hidden hunger is characterized when the absorption or consumption of essential micronutrients is below the level required for maintaining health conditions (Gödecke et al, 2018). According to the United Nations Children's Fund – UNICEF – report (UNICEF, 2019), at least 340 million preschool-age children suffer from hidden hunger worldwide These individuals may have their immune systems compromised, worsening symptoms of contagious diseases, such as the new coronavirus SARSCoV-2 (Kissler et al, 2020). To mitigate this global problem, the action of organizations like Harvest Plus stands out, which leads the development and diffusion of vegetables biofortified in vitamin A, iron, and zinc in the most affected by hidden hunger developing countries of Central America, Africa, and Asia (Nutti, 2003), and celiac people (Lamacchia et al, 2014). There is a crescent interest in the use of naturalcoloring ingredients with a health appeal in pastas, as studied by Wahanik et al (2021) for whole wheat pastas, what could be developed for GFPs

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Conclusion