Abstract
AimsRoles of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in extra-pancreatic tissues remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine determinants of GLP-1 secretory function and possible contribution of GLP-1 to blood pressure (BP) regulation.Methods and ResultsWe recruited 128 subjects who received annual examinations and 75g-oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in the Tanno-Sobetsu cohort. Subjects on regular medications for cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases were excluded, and data for the remaining 103 subjects were used for the univariate and multivariate analyses. Age, plasma glucose (PG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma insulin, and serum lipids were not selected as independent determinants of fasting GLP-1 level by multiple linear regression analysis. However, age and female sex were selected as independent positive determinants of the area under the curve of GLP-1 level during OGTT (AUCGLP-1), an index of GLP-1 secretory function. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that AUCGLP-1 was an independent negative predictor of systolic BP (SBP), while AUCGLP-1 was not correlated with fasting PG or HbA1c level. In subgroup analyses using the median of AUCGLP-1 to divide the study subjects into high and low GLP-1 response groups, AUCGLP-1 was significantly correlated with both SBP and diastolic BP (r = 0.40 and 0.28, respectively) in the low GLP-1 response group but not in the high GLP-1 response group.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that GLP-1 secretory function is involved in prevention of BP elevation and that the GLP-1 response to oral glucose rather increases with aging perhaps as an adaptive phenomenon.
Highlights
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), one of the incretins, is secreted from L-cells in the small intestine after meals, contributing to enhancement of post-prandial insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion and deceleration of gastric emptying [1,2]
The results of the present study suggest that GLP-1 secretory function is involved in prevention of blood pressure (BP) elevation and that the GLP-1 response to oral glucose rather increases with aging perhaps as an adaptive phenomenon
Post-prandial level of GLP-1 is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes [3,4], and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues have been widely used for control of plasma glucose (PG) levels in diabetic patients
Summary
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), one of the incretins, is secreted from L-cells in the small intestine after meals, contributing to enhancement of post-prandial insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion and deceleration of gastric emptying [1,2]. Both increase in vagal tone and activation of L-cells by dietary nutrients participate in triggering GLP-1 secretion into the blood stream. It is unclear how basal (i.e., pre-prandial) GLP-1 level is regulated and how GLP-1 secretory capacity is regulated in healthy subjects
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