Glottal Stop /?/ Strategy in Adaptation of Malay Loanwords in Bugis Language based on Output-Output Correspondent Analysis

Abstract

Bugis are one of Malaysia's minority communities. Bugis communities use loanwords as a way of ensuring smooth communication. While the Bugis community tries to absorb all Malay loanwords into the Bugis language, a phonological process prevents the Malay lexicon from being fully absorbed. This process is called the glottal stop /?/. The fieldwork was conducted at two places in Johore state: Pontian and Pasir Gudang. The fieldwork was also conducted in the Selangor state at Pandamaran, Klang. A questionnaire containing a section on the informant's background and a word list was prepared for the interview session with 200 Bugis respondents. By using the Output-Output correspondent in Optimality theory, this study will address some of the emerging issues; Firstly, what is the intent of using glottal stop /?/ strategy in the Bugis language loanwords adaptation? Secondly, what constraints are used in the glottal stop /?/ strategy in the Bugis-language loanwords adaptation using Optimality theory (OT) and OO-Correspondence (OO-Cor). The study shows that there are two main reasons why a glottal stop occurs, firstly, as a syllable closure and secondly, as a consonant substitution. Based on TO and OO-Cor analysis, Malay loanwords must comply with *IDENTICAL LEXICAL constraint of production output in Bugis language. The results of this study have contributed to the development of the Bugis language study from a linguistic point of view using Optimality and Correspondence-OO theory.