Abstract
An assessment of standalone GLONASS RTK performance is provided using its FDMA and CDMA signals. The new integer-estimable GLONASS FDMA model (Teunissen 2019), which guarantees the integer-estimability of its ambiguities, is employed. We introduce the combined integer-estimable GLONASS FDMA+CDMA model and compare its strength against the FDMA model for instantaneous integer ambiguity resolution and positioning. Various combinations of GLONASS signals are considered including FDMA L1, FDMA+CDMA L1+L3, FDMA L1+L2 and FDMA+CDMA L1+L2+L3. To provide insight into the current RTK performance of GLONASS, we used observations of a short baseline to analyze the integer ambiguity resolution success rate and positioning precision, formally and empirically. To provide insight into the future RTK performance of GLONASS, we present a formal analysis of the integer ambiguity resolution success rate and ADOP, assuming that all the GLONASS satellites transmit FDMA L1, L2 and CDMA L3 signals. A formal analysis of standalone GLONASS ambiguity resolution based on current and future GLONASS constellation is then presented for different locations around the world.
Highlights
GLONASS traditionally employs Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technique to distinguish the signals coming from different satellites
To gain insights into what such constellation will bring in terms of ambiguity resolution performance, here we carry out a formal analysis of Ambiguity Dilution Of Precision (ADOP) and integer bootstrapped success rate assuming that all the GLONASS satellites transmit Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals on L3
We provided an assessment of standalone GLONASS short-baseline Real-time kinematic (RTK) performance using both FDMA and CDMA signals
Summary
GLONASS traditionally employs Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technique to distinguish the signals coming from different satellites. Its navigation signals in the L1 and L2 bands are transmitted on slightly different frequencies. GLONASSM+ and -K1 satellites can transmit CDMA signals on the L3 frequency (Montenbruck et al 2017). There are six satellites in the current GLONASS constellation, i.e., PRNs R04, R05, R09, R12, R21 and R26, which in addition to FDMA signals, transmit CDMA signals as well. As the wavelength of the GLONASS L1 and L2 signals differs from satellite to satellite, one cannot form a single double-differenced (DD) integer ambiguity when forming DD phase observation equations between a pair of receivers and a pair of satellites.
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