Global Trade

Abstract

* PART I: The Evolution and Consequences of Economic Globalization * 1. Introduction * 2. The Evolution of Global Supermarket: A History of World Trade * World trade in the nineteenth century * World trade in the twentieth century * World trade after the Second World War * The shocks of the 1970s * Causes of the spread of world trade * 3. The Evolution of the Global Bank: A History of World Capital Flows * Pre-Industrial Revolution global finance * The influence of the Industrial Revolution * The emergence of the gold standard * The First World War and the interwar years * The Bretton Woods twins * The world economic order from the 1950s to the 1970s * The shocks of the 1970s * Todayus casino economy * 4. The Engines of Globalization * Transnational corporations * The political influence of TNCs The on-the-ground influence of TNCs Changing attitudes * towards TNCs * The World Trade Organization * Trade negotiations The Doha Round The bizarre rulings of the WTO The new trade * boundaries pushed by the WTO Regional trade deals * The International Monetary Fund and World Bank * The rise of the IMF and World Bank The fall of the IMF and World Bank * The Washington Consensus * The technological engines of globalization * The environmental price of world trade * 5. Rich versus Poor in the Global Economy * The polarization of global wealth * Concentration of economic globalization around rich countries * Relative size of poor economies * The third world debt crisis * Poor countries and global trade * Trade winners and losers * Poor country raw material exports * Poor country trade winners * Export-processing Zones * Rich country trade losers * Aid to the rescue? * Ecological debt * 6. Rich Country Double Standards * Rich country double standards on trade * Double standards on patents * Double standards on agricultural and textile trade * PART II: The Policy Alternatives of the Anti-Globalization Movement * 7. The Anti-Globalization Movement * The global loss of democracy * The anti-globalization movement * Origins of the anti-globalization movement * The anti-globalization protests * Policy formulation by the anti-globalization movement * NGOs and non-mainstream parties * 8. The Fair Trade/Back to Bretton Woods School * Trade * Ending rich country protectionism, allowing poor country special and different treatment * Protection of national agricultural industries Social and environmental trade clauses * The Future of the IMF, World Bank and WTO * The World Trade Organization No new issues Services and patent agreements The * International Monetary Fund and World Bank Debt cancellation * Capital Market and Transnational Corporation Regulation * Different types of capital control The Tobin Tax Control over Transnational Corporations * An international bankruptcy mechanism * 9. The Localization School * Advocates of Localization * Localization aiding Democracy * Trade * The Future of the IMF, World Bank and WTO * The World Trade Organization The International Monetary Fund and World Bank * Capital and Transnational Corporation Regulation * Control over transnational corporations * 10. Globaphobes versus Globaphiles * The Oxfam Rigged Rules report debate * Short versus long term strategies * Corporate engagement * Rich country versus poor country anti-globalization organizations * Changing fashions within the anti-globalization movement * Policies that straddle both schools * Policies that stand outside the localization / fair trade divide * 11. Deficiencies of Both Schools * Deficiencies in Fair Trade school policies * Deficiencies in Localization school policies * Deficiencies common to both schools * 12. The Policy Future of the Anti-Globalization Movement * The common ground between the two schools * Common policies of the Fair Trade and Localization schools Philosophies common to both Schools * Broader areas of agreement between the two schools * Agreement on need for international finance institutions Agreement on need for residual * world trade and limited protectionism * Potential areas of better consistency between the two schools * Capital market / TNC regulation policies Management of the IMF, World Bank and * WTO policies Trade policies * The general policy future of the anti-globalization movement * The need for the anti-globalization movement to engage with the public more The need for the * anti-globalization movement to engage with itself more * 13. Conclusion