Abstract
Due to the rising number of electromobility business entities (electric vehicle supply equipment operators and electromobility service providers), electric vehicle users are faced with a growing complexity in the use of public charging infrastructure, especially on a greater geographical scale. The development of electromobility calls for interoperability between all electromobility entities in order to enable roaming of EV users and remove the present barriers in EV users’ access to the public charging infrastructure. The paper describes the elementary processes related to EV charging (charging, reservation of charging spot, billing of charging service fee), the roles of electromobility entities in these processes, and their importance for the development of the roaming system. ETREL has developed an integrated roaming solution introducing a new entity, the global service provider, which mediates between the electromobility entities to enable roaming. The paper discusses the architecture and functionalities of the roaming scheme which comprises the global service provider. The paper also describes individual elements of the global service provider’s ICT system. The EV charging processes are explained again, this time in relation to roaming and with a focus on global service provider’s role in the processes. The final section of the paper proposes further steps to expand the roaming scheme functionalities and its geographical scope, where standardization or at least an agreement on ICT interfaces, application level protocols, and software services plays the key role.
Highlights
There are several entities involved in the process of electric vehicle (EV) charging
Electromobility service providers (EMSP) are entities which have contracts with EV users for all services related to EV charging and are the only entities that can access the EV users’ personal data
EV users have a direct contact only with their EMSP and with the Electric vehicle supply equipment operators (EVSEO); other entities are, at least from EV users’ point of view, hidden in the background where they perform their role in EV charging processes
Summary
There are several entities involved in the process of electric vehicle (EV) charging. If the EV user wants to increase the number of accessible EVSE, the obvious solution is to sign charging service contracts with several EMSPs and CSPs which operate the majority of charging infrastructure in the geographical area of EV user’s interest Such solution implies a handful of contracts to be signed by the EV user, a number of charging invoices received monthly from each EMSP, and a number of required identification means (such as RFID cards) issued by every individual EMSP. The more practical solution lies in the implementation of interoperability between different service providers on the B2B (businessto-business) level Such approach does not directly involve the EV user in terms of contractual issues; the EV user’s EMSP enters into EVSE usage contracts with different EVSEOs and enables the EV user to charge the EV in “visited networks” (i.e. at the EVSE which is not a part of EV user’s home network). Such approach is defined as roaming and is already known from mobile communications
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