Abstract
As an energy-saving and environmentally friendly means of transportation, electric vehicles have been advocated and promoted by various countries, resulting in an increase in the number of electric vehicles. The improvement of public charging infrastructure not only drives the development of the electric vehicle industry but also solves the problems of user difficulty in charging and the low utilization rate of charging piles. From the perspective of electric vehicle (EV) user experience, this research establishes a framework of indicators, including the reputation level, service quality, convenience, economy and safety. Second, the objective entropy weight method and the subjective decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method are combined to weight the indicators. Among the indicators, the comprehensive weights of market share (C2), app operation interface (C3), and charging mode (C5) are 0.107, 0.088, and 0.090, respectively, ranking in the top three. These three indicators should be given more attention by public charging infrastructure operators. Finally, three alternative public charging infrastructures are sorted by using the VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method. Since the positive ideal solution Si of h1 (state grid) is 0.084, the negative ideal solution Ri is 0.248, and the comprehensive index Qi is 0.000. All ranking first, this finding indicates that the public charging infrastructure of this operator has strong competitiveness in the market. In addition, the results are consistent with actual news reports, which also proves the effectiveness of the index system and model.
Highlights
According to statistics, the transportation sector accounts for nearly a quarter of the global gas emissions, and electric vehicle (EV) have the advantages of low pollution and low noise compared with traditional fuel vehicles [1]
The fuzzy TOPSIS method has similarities with the public charging infrastructure index evaluation system, it only considers the subjective weight of risk and does not consider its objective weight. [20] studied the risks of electric vehicle charging infrastructure PPP projects, using 2-Tuple and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) Model, but this method is not suitable for fuzzy information and incomplete information. [21] used 4 different methods to evaluate 18 public infrastructures of EVs in Lithuania
This paper investigates the main indicators that affect EV users’ choice of operators and summarizes the key points of operators’ service upgrades
Summary
The transportation sector accounts for nearly a quarter of the global gas emissions, and EVs have the advantages of low pollution and low noise compared with traditional fuel vehicles [1]. According to the "Global Renewable Energy Outlook: Energy Transformation 2050", the number of EVs in the transportation sector will increase from 8 million in 2019 to 1.1 billion in 2050 [7]. According to "the annual Report on the Development of China’s Charging Infrastructure in 2019–2020", the national charging infrastructure in 2019 reached 1.2 million, and the vehicle-to-pile ratio increased from 7.84:1 in 2015 to 3.5:1. The objective of this paper is to establish an evaluation index system for public charging infrastructure from the perspective of user experience, which can evaluate the existing public charging infrastructure suppliers by using the multi-attribute group decision-making methods. The proposed indicator system has three contributions: (1) It can be used as a reference for the performance evaluation of public charging infrastructure operators; (2) Formulate incentive policies for public charging infrastructure for the government; (3) Constantly promote the improvement of the public charging infrastructure market
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