Abstract
<p>Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program - or simply GSHAP, when launched, almost two decades ago, aimed at establishing a common framework to evaluate the seismic hazard over geographical large-scales, i.e. countries, regions, continents and finally the globe. Its main product, the global seismic hazard map was a milestone, unique at that time and for a decade have served as the main reference worldwide. Today, for most of the Earth’s seismically active regions such Europe, Northern and Southern America, Central and South-East Asia, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the GSHAP seismic hazard map is outdated. The rapid increase of the new data, advance on the earthquake process knowledge, technological progress, both hardware and software, contributed all in updates of the seismic hazard models. We present herein, a short retrospective overview of the achievements as well as the pitfalls of the GSHAP. Further, we describe the next generation of seismic hazard models, as elaborated within the Global Earthquake Model, regional programs: the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model, the 2014 Earthquake Model for Middle East, and the 2015 Earthquake Model of Central Asia. Later, the main characteristics of these regional models are summarized and the new datasets fully harmonized across national borders are illustrated for the first time after the GSHAP completion.</p>
Highlights
GSHAP [Giardini et al 1999] was the successful initiative of elaborating a global quantitative seismic hazard map
While GSHAP was developed with the support of international projects and organizations, national scientific agencies, and research institutions, the most important support for GSHAP originated from hundreds of individual scientists - more than 500 [Shedlock et al 2000]
We summarized some of the key characteristics of these regional initiatives covering Europe, the Caucasus, the Middle East and the Central Asia
Summary
GSHAP [Giardini et al 1999] was the successful initiative of elaborating a global quantitative seismic hazard map. GSHAP served as a demonstration program in the framework of the United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. While GSHAP was developed with the support of international projects and organizations, national scientific agencies, and research institutions, the most important support for GSHAP originated from hundreds of individual scientists - more than 500 [Shedlock et al 2000]. Multidisciplinary procedures were adopted to combines all at-that-time state of the practice, resources and data to assess the seismic hazard over the whole continents and the globe. Regional programs have been established in the first implementation phase of the project (1993-1995) with a clear aimed of developing common datasets i.e. earthquake catalogues, geological fault databases, tectonic and geological information mandatory to build a seismic hazard model. Most of the working groups adopted a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) framework, and the resulted Global Seismic Hazard Map [Giardini 1999] depicts the peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeding in 50years, and was rapidly adopted as the global reference
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