Abstract
BackgroundThe burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years.MethodsWe extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). The associations between cancers burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) were also analyzed.ResultsCompared with 1990, the global incident cases in 2019 were higher by 154.78%, 123.34%, and 169.11% for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. During the 30-year study period, there was a downward trend in ASMR and ASDR for bladder cancer (EAPC = − 0.68 and − 0.83, respectively) and prostate cancer (EAPC = − 0.75 and − 0.71, respectively), but an upward trend for kidney cancer (EAPC = 0.35 and 0.12, respectively). Regions and countries with higher SDI had higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs for all three types of cancers. The burden of bladder and prostate cancers was mainly distributed among older men, whereas the burden of kidney cancer increased among middle-aged men. Smoking related mortality and DALYs decreased, but high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) related mortality and DALYs increased among kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers during the study period.ConclusionsKidney, bladder, and prostate cancers remain major global public health challenges, but with distinct trend for different disease entity across different regions and socioeconomic status. More proactive intervention strategies, at both the administrative and academic levels, based on the dynamic changes, are needed.
Highlights
The burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades
To clarify the global burden of genitourinary cancers, we used the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 to analyze the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of these three cancers, and analyzed their attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Between 1990 and 2019, prostate cancer had the highest percentage of incident cases among genitourinary cancers, followed by bladder and kidney cancers (Additional file 2: Fig. S1a)
Summary
The burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years. Bladder, and prostate cancers are the most common genitourinary cancers, with 0.39, 0.47, and 1.33 million new cases worldwide in 2017 [1]. The updated GBD 2019 evaluated 369 diseases and injuries worldwide and compared their prevalence in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, providing valuable information to adjust health policies [9,10,11]. To clarify the global burden of genitourinary cancers, we used the data from the GBD 2019 to analyze the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of these three cancers, and analyzed their attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
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