Abstract
Caring, the core of nursing practice, remains a complex and vaguely defined concept. This paper presents various attempts to define caring and factors that affect its demonstration and associated outcomes from perspectives of patients and nurses. An integrative review was conducted from literature indexed in electronic databases from 2003 to 2014. Most published articles on caring were from Western cultures with a limited number from others. Caring was defined as a set of behaviors (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) exhibited in the process and context of the nurse-patient interaction. It is influenced by personal characteristics, culture, and the general environment of the nurse and client engaged in relationship. Caring behaviors were expressed in a continuum from mere presence to the performance of competent nursing care. Caring has been known to produce client satisfaction and positive patient outcomes.
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