Global hyperbolicity and Palais–Smale condition for action functionals in stationary spacetimes

Abstract

In order to apply variational methods to the action functional for geodesics of a stationary spacetime, some hypotheses, useful to obtain classical Palais–Smale condition, are commonly used: pseudo-coercivity, bounds on certain coefficients of the metric, etc. We prove that these technical assumptions admit a natural interpretation for the conformal structure (causality) of the manifold. As a consequence, any stationary spacetime with a complete timelike Killing vector field and a complete Cauchy hypersurface (thus, globally hyperbolic), is proved to be geodesically connected.