Abstract
Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease agent (1) and the leading cause of death among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, accounting for approximately 40% of deaths in this population (2). The United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (3) and the World Health Organization's (WHO's) End TB Strategy (4) have defined ambitious targets for 2020-2035, including a 35% reduction in the absolute number of TB deaths and a 20% reduction in TB incidence by 2020, compared with 2015 (4). Since 2000, WHO has produced annual TB estimates for all countries (1). Global and regional disease estimates were evaluated for 2017 to determine progress toward meeting targets. In 2017, an estimated 10 million incident cases of TB and 1.57 million TB deaths occurred, representing 1.8% and 3.9% declines, respectively, from 2016. Numbers of TB cases and disease incidence were highest in the WHO South-East Asia and Africa regions, and 9% of cases occurred among persons with HIV infection. Rifampicin-resistant (RR) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) (resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin) TB occurred among 3.6% and 18% of new and previously treated TB cases, respectively (5.6% among all cases). Overall progress in global TB elimination was modest in 2017, consistent with that in recent years (1); intensified efforts to improve TB diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are required to meet global targets for 2020-2035.
Highlights
10 All TB casesTB preventive treatment (TPT) (most commonly daily isoniazid for ≥6 months) has been found to prevent TB disease among persons who might be infected with TB and are at risk for progressing to TB disease
Innovative approaches to case finding, scale-up of TB preventive treatment, use of newer TB treatment regimens, and prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will contribute to decreasing TB
In 2017, an estimated 10 million incident TB cases and 1.6 million TB deaths occurred, representing reductions of 1.8% and 3.9% from 2016, respectively
Summary
TB preventive treatment (TPT) (most commonly daily isoniazid for ≥6 months) has been found to prevent TB disease among persons who might be infected with TB and are at risk for progressing to TB disease. Current recommendations include providing TPT to persons with HIV infection (in which isoniazid has been shown to result in a 37% reduction in all-cause mortality) (7) and to all household contacts of patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB disease (previously recommended only for children aged
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