Abstract
Background: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) with dynamic existence possesses multiple regulatory functions. Whereas, 5hmC’s impact on small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) remains unclear. The present work focused on characterizing 5hmC content within SHCC and assessing the possibility of using global genomic 5hmC level as the predicative factor of clinical outcome. Methods: This study applied ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in measuring 5mC, 5fC and 5hmC contents. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was adopted to measure CK19 and 5hmC contents. Results: Research showed 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC contents from global genomics of SHCC reduced extensively compared with healthy samples (p < 0.001). Moreover, SHCC was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Greater 5mC and 5hmC levels were observed in non-metastasis group compared with the metastasis group (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis between the HBV DNA level and 5mC, 5fC and 5hmC levels exhibited that HBV DNA was associated with 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC content reduction, which was verified in the cytological experiments. Moreover, 5hmC content had a negative correlation with the expression level of CK19 in SHCC. The decrease in 5hmC and CK19 containing 5hmC positive cell (called CK195hmC+) should be ascribed to the bad prognosis among SHCC patients. Conclusions: The contents of 5hmC and CK195hmC+ of genomic DNA might be adopted for predicting SHCC survival as an important biomarker.
Highlights
As the world’s sixth leading tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been classified among those frequently occurring hypervascular cancers featuring neovascularization [1].Inadequate response toward conventional therapies, recurrence, as well as metastasis frequently occurs in HCC related to bad prognostic outcome
The contents of 5hmC and CK195hmC+ of genomic DNA might be adopted for predicting small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) survival as an important biomarker
Our results showed that the contents of 5hmC and CK195hmC+ of genomic DNA might be adopted for predicting SHCC survival as an important biomarker
Summary
As the world’s sixth leading tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been classified among those frequently occurring hypervascular cancers featuring neovascularization [1].Inadequate response toward conventional therapies, recurrence, as well as metastasis frequently occurs in HCC related to bad prognostic outcome. As HCC screening approaches are continually improved, the detection rate for small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) is elevated. In accordance with the Asia Pacific Society’s guide on the research concerning liver illnesses as well as the standard guide for the pathological diagnosis of HCC, a single tumor whose diameter is ≤3 cm can be determined to be SHCC [3,4]. It is usually considered the HCC with good prognosis because of distinctive biological behavior and pathological features.
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