Abstract
Applications involving optical fibers have grown considerably in recent years with intense levels of research having been focused on the development of not only new generations of optical fiber materials and designs, but also on new processes for their preparation. In this paper, we review the latest developments in advanced materials for optical fibers ranging from silica, to semi-conductors, to particle-containing glasses, to chalcogenides and also in process-related innovations.
Highlights
Because of their attributes, optical fibers have had a profound impact on telecommunication where they transport light pulses from one point to another
For the low doping concentrations used to date for the direct doping approach (
Considerable progress has been achieved in the development of glasses and processes for the manufacture of advanced optical fibers
Summary
Because of their attributes (high reliability over long distances, low attenuation, low interference, high security, very high information capacity, longer life span and ease of maintenance), optical fibers have had a profound impact on telecommunication where they transport light pulses from one point to another. Optical fibers are well suited to biomedical applications They can be used to view inside the body without having to perform surgery, as the optical fiber can be inserted—due to their small size and flexibility—into veins, arteries, lungs and other accessible parts of the body. They can be used as physical sensors of temperature, pressure and radiation; and as chemical sensors of pH, partial pressure of blood gases and glucose, as reviewed in [3].
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