Abstract
Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite with antibacterial effect was used in radiofrequency (RF) magnetron deposition of calcium phosphate coating onto Ti- and Si-inclined substrates. The development of surface nanopatterns for direct bacteria killing is a growing area of research. Here, we combined two approaches for possible synergetic antibacterial effect by manufacturing a patterned surface of Zn-doped calcium phosphate using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. A significant change in the coating morphology was revealed with a substrate tilt angle of 80°. It was shown that an increase in the coating crystallinity for samples deposited at a tilt angle of 80° corresponds to the formation of crystallites in the bulk structure of the thin film. The variation in the coating thickness, uniformity, and influence of sputtered species energy on Si substrates was analyzed. Coatings deposited on tilted samples exhibit higher scratch resistance. The coating micro- and nano-roughness and overall morphology depended on the tilt angle and differently affected the rough Ti and smooth Si surfaces. GLAD of complex calcium phosphate material can lead to the growth of thin films with significantly changed morphological features and can be utilized to create self-organized nanostructures on various types of surfaces.
Highlights
The demand for implants that can efficiently conduct bone defect regeneration increases significantly with the aging population [1]
The columnar structure becomes more prominent at an oblique angle of 80◦, and it is made of inclined Zn-doped calcium phosphate (CaP) columns
A significant change in the coating morphology becomes obvious starting from the substrate tilt angle of 60◦
Summary
The demand for implants that can efficiently conduct bone defect regeneration increases significantly with the aging population [1]. It is known that the bioinert metals that are used in implantology and orthopedics do not provide the desired bioactivity and osteoconductivity; the surface of such medical devices is usually modified with bioactive coatings [2]. The demand for antibacterial or bactericidal surfaces and coatings has increased steadily in recent years. Coatings 2019, 9, 220 both coating functions: osteoconduction properties and antibacterial effect [3]. There is a physical approach to antibacterial surface production. It has been shown that the creation of nanopatterns is a powerful tool for directing stem cell fate. Another advantage is that high aspect ratio nanopatterns are capable of killing bacteria and preventing biofilm formation [15]
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