Abstract
Novel therapeutic agents have improved survival outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumors. In parallel, the development of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who are likely to benefit from a certain treatment has also contributed to the improvement of survival. DNA mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are independent biomarkers that complement each other for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy. In recent years, many clinical trials have reported the efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of advanced solid tumors with deficient MMR (dMMR) or TMB-high (TMB-H).
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