基于GIS重庆土壤侵蚀及土壤保持分析

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于GIS重庆土壤侵蚀及土壤保持分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201309152278 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目(40901289);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAC09B08-02) GIS-based spatial analysis of soil erosion and soil conservation in Chongqing, China Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:土壤侵蚀作为一个重大的全球环境问题,严重地威胁着区域生态环境质量和社会经济。在考虑植被覆盖度与土壤侵蚀关系的前提下,通过查表法,构建不同土地覆盖类型和不同植被覆盖度下的C值图层,并基于地理信息技术(GIS)和通用土壤侵蚀方程(USLE)估算了重庆地区土壤侵蚀量,土壤保持量和土壤保持价值。结果表明:重庆地区2010年土壤侵蚀量约为2.23 亿t/a;土壤保持量约为14.69 亿t/a。利用市场价值法,机会成本法和影子工程法评价了各类生态系统土壤保持的生态价值。研究区2010年土壤保持价值相对于2006年有所提升,2010年生态系统因防止土壤侵蚀而产生的土壤保持总价值约为6.18×105 万元,其中保持土壤养分的价值为5.44×105 万元;减少废弃地的价值为2.65×104 万元;减轻泥沙淤积灾害的价值为4.78×104 万元。各生态系统类型中,森林生态系统土壤保持价值量最大,单位面积价值最高。 Abstract:Soil erosion is an important global environmental problem that signicantly impacts regional environmental quality and the social economy. Ecosystems protect soil from water and wind erosion and thereby provide "soil erosion control services," which is one of the most fundamental ecosystem services that safeguard human welfare. Chongqing Region is one of the most important ecological zones in China, and is located on the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), which is the largest dam project worldwide. The status of the ecosystem functions in Chongqing Region directly affects the TGRA. Recently, the ecological environment of this region has rapidly changed because of extensive change in land cover, due to rapid population growth and economic development. In addition to climate change mitigation and adaption, global changes in climate have highlighted the role of ecosystems in soil conservation. Owing to a combination of natural factors and recent human activities, soil erosion in certain parts of the Chongqing Region is becoming increasingly serious. However, few studies have focused on the quantitative estimates of the soil conservation service and its ecological value in the Chongqing Region.This study aimed to construct the C value layer of different land cover types and different vegetation coverage based on the table lookup method. In addition, soil loss and soil conservation services in Chongqing Region were evaluated by geographic information system (GIS) technology and the universal soil loss equation (USLE) with localized parameters. The spatial patterns of the soil conservation service and its ecological value were revealed. The results of the study indicate that, compared to the single land cover assignment method, the improved C value layer containing more spatial information enhances the accuracy of soil erosion results. To verify that this model may be reliability applied, we validated the model results based on observed data and statistical data based on average annual estimates between 2006 and 2010. Simulations of average annual soil erosion rates agreed well with the observation-based data (R2=0.85, P=0.000), which indicated that the simulated models may be used to infer soil erosion levels in this study. The results of the models showed that the total amount of soil loss and soil conservation services in Chongqing Region are 2.23×108 t/a and 14.69×108 t/a, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the soil conservation service improved from 2006 to 2010 as a result of vegetation restoration. Moreover, market valuation, opportunity cost, and shadow engineering methods were used to evaluate the ecological value of the soil conservation service. The total value of the soil conservation service in 2010 was about 6.18×109 yuan (RMB) /a, of which, about 5.44×109 yuan was of holding nutrients for N, P and K, about 2.65×108 yuan was of decreasing soil loss, and about 4.78×108 yuan was reducing reservoir silt. In addition, ecosystems located in the counties of Wuxi, Chengkou, and Fengjie (i.e., the east mountain areas), had much better erosion control than ecosystems in the west, and generally displayed much higher ecological value than the west with a capacity of >2×108 yuan/a. Among all ecosystem types, forests were superior in the total amount and capacity of soil conservation service value. These results provide specific information that is necessary for strengthening public awareness about protecting and restoring ecosystems. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献