Ginsenoside and phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extracts of American ginseng cell cultures and their antioxidant properties

Ewa Kochan,Grażyna Szymańska,Monika Sienkiewicz,Piotr Szymczyk,Izabela Grzegorczy-Karolak

doi:10.5586/asbp.3638

Abstract

The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of callus and suspension culture extracts of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The ginsenoside content and the total phenolic content (TPC) in these cultures were also examined. The total amount of the nine studied saponins was found to be 2.08, 1.69, and 0.202 mg g−1 dry weight in red callus line (RCL), green callus line (GCL), and suspension cultures, respectively, by HPLC analysis. The TPC was estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The TPC of the suspension culture extracts was approximately 36.7% and 17.6% higher than that of the RCL and GCL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the in vitro ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays; the methanolic P. quinquefolium suspension culture extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than that of the callus cultures.

Highlights

Panax quinquefolium is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Araliaceae, and its roots possess medicinal properties
Green callus line (GCL) grew on WP medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2,4-D, 1 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 0.2 mg L−1 benzylamino purine (BAP), while red callus line (RCL) grew on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the same combination of phytohormones (Fig. 1)
The tissue derived from leaf blades and stalks, were kept in the light; the tissue derived from leaf blades (RCL) was red, friable, and lumpy (Fig. 1A), whereas the tissue derived from stalks (GCL) was green and compact (Fig. 1B)

Summary

Introduction

Panax quinquefolium is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Araliaceae, and its roots possess medicinal properties. Ginseng plants contain pharmacologically active ingredients named ginsenosides (panaxosides) [2,3]. They are classified as triterpenoid saponins – derivatives of protopanaxadiol (e.g., Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd), belonging to the Rb group, and protopanaxatriol (e.g., Rgl and Re), belonging to the Rg group or derivatives of oleanolic acid (Ro). They regulate the function of the nervous, hormonal, cardiovascular, and immunological systems and have demonstrated adaptogenic properties [4,5,6]. A study on individual ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rg1, and Re, found that they possess antioxidant activity [7,8]

Methods

Results

Conclusion