Abstract
BackgroundImmediate implant placement in the presence of intact extraction alveoli has frequently been reported, while hardly any reports on immediate implant placement in missing buccal bone can be found in literature.ObjectivesThis pilot study evaluates esthetic outcome and soft and hard tissue level changes of immediate implant placement with immediate provisionalization in patients with partially/completely missing buccal bone without any further augmentation procedure in the maxillary anterior zone.Material and methodsTwelve patients (TG) with partially to completely missing buccal bone designated for extraction and flapless immediate implant insertion in the anterior zone of the maxilla were included. Patients randomly selected out of a larger group of patients with immediate implants with intact alveoli served as controls (CG). Immediate provisionalization was done without any further augmentation of the alveolar ridge. Marginal hard and soft tissue levels, PES, and implant success were evaluated during a 1-year observation period.ResultsThe defect of the buccal alveolar bone was 4.96 mm (min., 2.26 mm; max., 9.68 mm) and the mean mesio-distal extension 4.25 mm (min., 3.2 mm; max., 5.91 mm). Preoperative PES differed significantly between TG (9.68) and CG (12.25) and improved in TG postoperatively with no significant difference to CG after 1 year (TG, 10.91; CG, 11.3). The buccal soft tissue level remained almost unchanged over the observation period (TG preop, 0.86 mm ± 0.90 mm; 1 year, 0.91 mm ± 0.96 mm; CG preop, 0.98 mm ± 0.87 mm; 1 year, 0.98 mm ± 0.87 mm and did not show any correlation with either the mesial/distal bone level or the initial buccal vertical defect at any point of time.ConclusionsThese clinical results provide evidence that immediate implant placement without additional augmentation, but with immediate provisionalization might be a viable treatment alternative even with missing buccal plate in the esthetic maxillary zone.
Highlights
Immediate implant placement in the anterior maxillary zone is a potential approach for meeting patients’ requests and desires regarding treatment time, treatment costs, and esthetic outcome, especially for cases with single tooth restorations
The following factors may be considered as appropriately supported by clinical evidence: Mucoperiostal elevation in the course of immediate implant placement may result in major bone loss, especially on the buccal lamella [5, 6] with the alveolar bone loss increasing with the frequency of bone denudation [7]
The postoperative course was free of complications, and all implants remained under function during the complete follow-up period
Summary
Immediate implant placement in the anterior maxillary zone is a potential approach for meeting patients’ requests and desires regarding treatment time, treatment costs, and esthetic outcome, especially for cases with single tooth restorations. Considering the clinical results of immediate implant placement with regard to the preservation of the buccal lamella, an average loss of vestibular soft tissue height ranging between 0.7 ± 0.57 and 1,0 ± 0.9 mm can be observed [4]. It is especially with immediate implant placement that different treatment approaches have been described, predominantly being based on personal experience and scientific evidence from clinical studies. Immediate implant placement in the presence of intact extraction alveoli has frequently been reported, while hardly any reports on immediate implant placement in missing buccal bone can be found in literature
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