Abstract
BackgroundWe study the prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among patients with severe gingival enlargement.Material and MethodsWe retrospective reviewed the clinical records of patients with severe gingival enlargement, between 2011 and 2018. The Saxer and Mühlemann index were used to measure inflammation and gingival bleeding. The degree of dental mobility was measured by the Nyman and Lindhe technique.ResultsA correlation analysis was carried out to test whether there were any associations among the different variables. In the sample of 117 patients the mean gingival bleeding index was ≥3 and the degree of dental mobility ≥2.3. 1.7% of patients, with severe gingival hyperplasia were diagnosed with AML. We found a significant association between gingival bleeding and aging (p<0.001) and a trend (0.54) between bleeding and suffering from AML.ConclusionsSevere gingival enlargement, abundant gingival bleeding, and dental mobility could be early manifestations of a blood dyscrasia. Key words:Acute myeloblastic leukemia, gingival hyperplasia, bleeding, tooth motility, oral health.
Highlights
It essential for clinicians to have a sound knowledge of periodontal diseases, so that they are able to diagnose this type of pathologies, and so that they may, in certain cases, learn their real origin when they appear as the first sign of a specific systemic disease
In addition to oral ulceration and infection and gingival bleeding, oral and periodontal manifestations of leukemia consist of infiltration of gingivae by leukemic cells, resulting in gingival overgrowth, which develops into pseudo-pockets where dental biofilm accumulates producing, in turn, a second inflammatory lesion that contributes to gum enlargement, so that, gingival enlargement is as much the result of leukemic infiltration as of reactive gingival hyperplasia
With this study our aim is to review the prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among patients with severe gingival enlargement treated in a dental clinic
Summary
It essential for clinicians to have a sound knowledge of periodontal diseases, so that they are able to diagnose this type of pathologies, and so that they may, in certain cases, learn their real origin when they appear as the first sign of a specific systemic disease.The new classification scheme for periodontal diseases includes the subsection Hematological Conditions under the section Gingivitis mediated by systemic or local risk factors [1,2]. In addition to oral ulceration and infection and gingival bleeding, oral and periodontal manifestations of leukemia consist of infiltration of gingivae by leukemic cells, resulting in gingival overgrowth, which develops into pseudo-pockets where dental biofilm accumulates producing, in turn, a second inflammatory lesion that contributes to gum enlargement, so that, gingival enlargement is as much the result of leukemic infiltration as of reactive gingival hyperplasia. With this study our aim is to review the prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among patients with severe gingival enlargement treated in a dental clinic. We study the prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among patients with severe gingival enlargement. In the sample of 117 patients the mean gingival bleeding index was ≥3 and the degree of dental mobility ≥2.3. Conclusions: Severe gingival enlargement, abundant gingival bleeding, and dental mobility could be early manifestations of a blood dyscrasia
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