Abstract
Obesity is a serious global problem that causes predisposition to numerous serious diseases. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ginger water on body weight and energy expenditure through modulation of mRNA expression of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A white colored liquid obtained during freeze-drying of fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinal was collected and named ginger water. It was used to treat rats, then blood and tissue samples were collected from the liver and white adipose at the end of the experiment. The serum was prepared and used for biochemical assays, while tissue samples were used for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ginger water revealed the presence of chrysin and galangin at concentrations of 0.24 µg/mL and 0.53 µg/mL, respectively. Average body weight gain decreased significantly in groups that received ginger water. In addition, both total cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol were reduced in the groups that received ginger water. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) in the liver and leptin in adipose tissues were downregulated, while those of adiponectin, hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT-1), acyl-coA oxidase (ACO), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and pyruvate kinase (PK) were upregulated in ginger water-treated groups. These results clearly revealed the lowering body weight gain effect of ginger water, which most likely occurs at the transcriptional level of energy metabolizing proteins.
Highlights
Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is currently a serious global problem
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the obtained ginger water revealed that, among the nine standards used in HPLC analysis of the obtained ginger water revealed that, among the nine standards used in the the HPLC analysis, only chrysin and galangin were detected in the ginger water, at concentrations of HPLC analysis, only chrysin and galangin were detected in the ginger water, at concentrations of 0.24
Our obtained results showed that administration of ginger water significantly reduces the serum of different current therapeutic drugs, and the appearance of drug resistance
Summary
Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is currently a serious global problem. Obesity has been considered a fatal lifestyle disease during the past few decades because of increasingly high-fat and caloric-rich diets as well as genetic background [1,2]. The main reason for obesity is the energy imbalance in which the energy intake is higher than the energy expenditure. The main features of obesity include excessive fat mass and raised blood lipid concentration [3]. Foods 2020, 9, 38 wide range of diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases [4]. Prevention and treatment of obesity are a great health concern worldwide
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