Abstract
Unplanned exposure to radiation can cause side effects on high-risk individuals; meanwhile, radiotherapies can also cause injury on normal cells and tissues surrounding the tumor. Besides the direct radiation damage, most of the ionizing radiation- (IR-) induced injuries were caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which possess self-renew and multilineage differentiation capabilities, are a critical population of cells to participate in the regeneration of IR-damaged tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to search effective radioprotectors for hMSCs. This study was to demonstrate whether natural source ginger oleoresin would mitigate IR-induced injuries in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We demonstrated that ginger oleoresin could significantly reduce IR-induced cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and DNA strand breaks. In addition, the ROS-scavenging mechanism of ginger oleoresin was also investigated. The results showed that ginger oleoresin could induce the translocation of Nrf2 to cell nucleus and activate the expression of cytoprotective genes encoding for HO-1 and NQO-1. It suggests that ginger oleoresin has a potential role of being an effective antioxidant and radioprotective agent.
Highlights
Radiation from natural or artificial sources is a common phenomenon in our daily life [1]
HMSCs were pretreated with 10−4 g/mL ginger oleoresin and cultured for 2 h followed by exposure to γ-rays at the Irradiation Center
As observed in a fluorescence microscope (Figure 2(b)) and measured in flow cytometry (Figure 2(c)), treatment with 4 Gy γ-ray irradiation alone significantly increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (248.40 ± 10.13) compared to the untreated control group (101.70 ± 1.72), which could be reverted by pretreatment with 10−4 (g/mL) ginger oleoresin (130.70 ± 4.99), while this dose of ginger oleoresin alone had no obvious effect on ROS levels (129.00 ± 13.96)
Summary
Radiation from natural or artificial sources is a common phenomenon in our daily life [1]. HMSCs were first isolated from bone marrow and could be found in almost all human organs and tissues such as kidney, vascular tissue, adipose tissue, skin, umbilical cord, and placenta [5,6,7]. These cells possess stem cell-like characteristics including self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages [8]. HMSCs have been proved to participate in the regeneration of ionizing radiation-damaged tissues. When irradiated in vitro with increasing doses, the human bone-derived MSC was reported with the phenomenon of greatly reduced self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation
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