Abstract
Experimental data concerning regulation of breathing and cardiac output are reviewed. It is concluded that under physiological conditions at rest and during exercise neural mechanisms are prevailing. Under extreme physiological and especially under pathological conditions humoral regulations may be partially play their role. A critical review does not convince that only arterial chemoreceptors influence respiration and circulation but also venous chemoreceptors, not yet demonstrated morphologically with certainty. Most of the investigations are considering only one stimulus (mostly CO2) instead of CO2, O2 and pH together. In the same way only one component of regulation (mostly respiration) instead of respiration and cardiac output together are considered.
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