Giant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, strong XXZ-type biquadratic coupling, and bimeronic excitations in the two-dimensional CrMnI6 magnet

Abstract

Two-dimensional magnets have been discovered recently as a new class of quantum matter exhibiting a broad wealth of exotic phenomena, including notably various topological excitations rooted in emergent exchange couplings between the localized magnetic moments. By analyzing the anisotropies in the single-ion magnetization and two-body exchange couplings obtained from first-principles calculations, we reveal coexistence of both giant Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and strong anisotropic XXZ-type biquadratic coupling in a recently predicted monolayer CrMnI6 magnet. The former is induced by the spontaneous in-plane inversion symmetry breaking in the bipartite system, the latter is inherently tied to the distinct high-spin state of the Mn sublattice, while the large magnitudes of both stem from the significant spin-orbit coupling. Next, we use atomistic magnetics simulations to demonstrate the vital role of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in harboring topological bimeronic excitations, and show that the biquadratic coupling favors a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless-like transition as the system reduces its temperature from the paramagnetic phase. These findings substantially enrich our understanding of the microscopic couplings in 2D magnets, with appealing application potentials.