Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi: A Case Report in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) is an uncommon disorder that impacts newborns, with a prevalence of less than 1 in 20,000 births. Even though it is uncommon, detecting the condition early is essential because of the higher chance of complications such as malignant melanoma, central nervous system involvement, and negative effects on the patient and their family's mental well-being due to its unattractive appearance. A giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is described as a dark brown skin lesion acquired at birth that has the potential to grow to over 40 cm in size as a person reaches adulthood. The diagnosis of the GCMN is clinically confirmed, while management is mainly symptomatic. Nevertheless, treatment options could consist of surgical and non-surgical methods, psychological therapy, and/or regular clinical monitoring, taking into account alterations in color, size, texture, or the area of the lesion. We describe here a case of GCMN in a male neonate observed in our practice. The patient presented with a huge, pigmented patch over the body since birth, encompassing the entire abdomen, extending to the chest, thighs, and genitalia with multiple satellite, a few lesions on the face, and laterally towards the posterior aspect of the trunk, involving the entire back and buttocks. Radiological investigations were performed and were reported as normal with no significant findings. Additionally, the MRI also did not indicate any involvement of the central nervous system; hence, multidisciplinary comprehensive care was followed for this neonate with monthly regular follow-ups at dermatology and pediatric clinics. Our case significantly highlights the observatory interdisciplinary management of this condition; however, if needed in the future, surgical intervention maybe considered to decrease the risk of malignancy.