Giant asymmetric proximity-induced spin–orbit coupling in twisted graphene/SnTe heterostructure

Abstract

We analyze the spin–orbit coupling effects in a 3∘-degree twisted bilayer heterostructure made of graphene and an in-plane ferroelectric SnTe, with the goal of transferring the spin–orbit coupling from SnTe to graphene, via the proximity effect. Our results indicate that the point-symmetry breaking due to the incompatible mutual symmetry of the twisted monolayers and a strong hybridization has a massive impact on the spin splitting in graphene close to the Dirac point, with the spin splitting values greater than 20 meV. The band structure and spin expectation values of graphene close to the Dirac point can be described using a symmetry-free model, triggering different types of interaction with respect to the threefold symmetric graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructure. We show that the strong hybridization of the Dirac cone’s right movers with the SnTe band gives rise to a large asymmetric spin splitting in the momentum space. Furthermore, we discover that the ferroelectricity-induced Rashba spin–orbit coupling in graphene is the dominant contribution to the overall Rashba field, with the effective in-plane electric field that is almost aligned with the (in-plane) ferroelectricity direction of the SnTe monolayer. We also predict an anisotropy of the in-plane spin relaxation rates. Our results demonstrate that the group-IV monochalcogenides MX (M = Sn, Ge; X = S, Se, Te) are a viable alternative to transition-metal dichalcogenides for inducing strong spin–orbit coupling in graphene.