Abstract
Contents Summary 1260 I. Introduction 1260 II. Molecular and genetic mechanisms of C4 leaf venation 1262 III. Conclusions and future perspectives 1266 Acknowledgements 1266 References 1266 SUMMARY: C4 grasses are major contributors to the world's food supply. Their highly efficient method of carbon fixation is a unique adaptation that combines close vein spacing and distinct photosynthetic cell types. Despite its importance, the molecular genetic basis of C4 leaf development is still poorly understood. Here we summarize current knowledge of leaf venation and review recent progress in understanding molecular and genetic regulation of vascular patterning events in C4 plants. Evidence points to the interplay of auxin, brassinosteroids, SHORTROOT/SCARECROW and INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factors. Identification and functional characterization of candidate regulators acting early in vascular development will be essential for further progress in understanding the precise regulation of these processes.
Highlights
The plant vascular system, a coherent and continuous network of vascular bundles, provides mechanical support, transport of molecules, and intercellular communication
In C 4 plants, carbon assimilation and reduction are separated, with assimilation occurring in the mesophyll and reduction in the bundle sheath (BS) (Fig. 1b, 1d)
Vein patterning is controlled by auxin flux (reviewed by Linh et al (2018)), which is detected by localization of proteins related to Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1)
Summary
C 4 grasses are major contributors to the world's food supply. Their highly efficient method of carbon fixation is a unique adaptation that combines close vein spacing and distinct photosynthetic cell types. The molecular genetic basis of C 4 leaf development is still poorly understood. We summarize current knowledge of leaf venation and review recent progress in understanding molecular and genetic regulation of vascular patterning events in C 4 plants. Evidence points to the interplay of auxin, brassinosteroids, SHORTROOT/SCARECROW and INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factors. Identification and functional characterization of candidate regulators acting early in vascular development will be essential for further progress in understanding the precise regulation of these processes
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