Geroprotective properties of fucoxanthin

Abstract

Introduction. Fucoxanthin is one of the main representatives of marine carotenoids with a wide range of biological activities, including a geroprotective effect. The most common source of fucoxanthin in the food industry is diatomic algae (e.g., Phaeodactylum tricornutum). The aim of the work was to summarize and analyze the data on the mechanisms of geroprotective action of fucoxanthin. Materials and Methods. An analysis of scientific research publications from PubMed, E-Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, UpToDate databases is presented, as well as a review of scientific literature for the period from 2017 to 2022. The results of fucoxanthin use on animal and human cell cultures, where the drug proved to be a potential geroprotector, are reflected. Inclusion criteria: priority was given to review and original articles that presented data on the results of fucoxanthin application. Key words in the search for publications: fucoxanthin, geroprotector, oxidative stress, hormesis. Results and Discussion. In-depth study of fucoxanthin structure revealed its pharmacodynamics as a potential drug. Many positive pharmacological effects of fucoxanthin are realized due to the presence of an allene bond in the chemical structure. The mechanisms of fucoxanthin influence oxidative stress and aging at different levels of organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ). Deterioration of vision is often a problem of the elderly and is one of the properties of the aging organism. The hypothesis that fucoxanthin realizes a geroprotective effect due to its cytoprotective potential under oxidative stress is the most popular. The geroprotective effect of fucoxanthin on the whole organism is directly related to the differential expression of genes and changes in the activity of molecular pathways. In the transcriptome analysis of fucoxanthin effects, the activation of mechanisms related to hormesis is evident. Conclusion. Studies have shown the effectiveness of fucoxanthin as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases associated with the aging process.