Abstract
Abstract Soluble allelochemicals have generated great interest since they can be used for the biological control of pests, especially of weeds. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of soluble compounds of exudates on germination in relation to exposure time. Here we evaluate the inhibitory effect of aqueous root, stem and leaf extracts of five South American species of Bothriochloa on the percentage of seed germination of four target species (lettuce, lovegrass, maize and wintergreen paspalum) over three exposure periods (48, 120 and 168 h). Aqueous extracts of the five Bothriochloa species inhibited germination; germination inhibition was strongly correlated with exposure time, with the longest treatment period (168 h) being the one of greatest inhibitory activity. Inhibitory activity differed among types of aqueous extracts. The suitable management of allelopathy might improve crop productivity and environmental protection through biologically friendly control of weeds.
Highlights
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the biological control of pests through the application of allelochemical compounds as herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and antibacterial or antifungal products (Narwal 2010; Linde et al 2010; Cheng & Cheng2015; Jabran et al 2015; Bey-Ould Si Said et al 2016; Khan et al 2016; Macías et al 2019)
Bothriochloa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) species are tropical and subtropical perennial grasses characterized by essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes (Pinder & Kerr 1980; Zalkow et al 1980; Melkani et al 1984; Bhandari et al 1993; Kaul & Vats 1998; Scrivanti et al 2009); their aqueous extracts are recognized for their allelopathic property (Hussain et al 1982; Hu & Jones 1999; Scrivanti 2010; Scrivanti et al 2011)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaf of five South American species of Bothriochloa (Poaceae) on the germination of four plants over three exposure periods
Summary
There is a growing interest in the biological control of pests through the application of allelochemical compounds as herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and antibacterial or antifungal products (Narwal 2010; Linde et al 2010; Cheng & Cheng2015; Jabran et al 2015; Bey-Ould Si Said et al 2016; Khan et al 2016; Macías et al 2019). Bothriochloa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) species are tropical and subtropical perennial grasses characterized by essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes (Pinder & Kerr 1980; Zalkow et al 1980; Melkani et al 1984; Bhandari et al 1993; Kaul & Vats 1998; Scrivanti et al 2009); their aqueous extracts are recognized for their allelopathic property (Hussain et al 1982; Hu & Jones 1999; Scrivanti 2010; Scrivanti et al 2011). Epi-α-cadinol, damascenone- (E) -β, E, E-farnesol, γ-gurjuneno and germacrene D sesquiterpenes, the main compounds in the essential oils of the South American species of Bothriochloa, inhibit germination and growth of other plants (Scrivanti & Anton 2018). The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaf of five South American species of Bothriochloa (Poaceae) on the germination of four plants over three exposure periods. Our results may contribute to weed management through the application of allelopathy in modern agriculture
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