Abstract
반더포겔로 대표되는 19말-20세기 초 독일의 신교육운동 중에서 본 연구에서는 독일에서 전개된 청소년운동으로 ‘안팡’운동에 관해 다루었다. 1908년 학급일지로 시작되어 1913년 3,000 여 명의 회원이 모였던 이 청소년 운동은 독일어로 ‘시작’이라는 뜻의 ‘안팡(Der Anfang) 운동’이었다. 회원들이 발간한 󰡔안팡󰡕잡지에서 유래한 이름인 안팡운동은 학교와 교육, 사회정의, 보편적 국가로서 국가의 의무, 개인의 자유, 공동사회의 일원으로서 의무, 성적인 자유 등 많은 주제들에 대해 논쟁과 담론을 만들어갔고, 독일과 오스트리아의 동년배 청소년들로부터 공감대를 형성해 나갔다.본 연구에서 독일과 오스트리아에서 공동편집을 맡았던 게오르게스 바비존과지그프리드 베른펠트의 논고와 더불어 회원들이 잡지에 쓴 내용들이 소개되었다.주요 논제로서 새로운 청소년 상과 지도자 상, 새로운 수업에 대한 담론들, 이상적인 청소년 문화와 학교 공동체, 남녀공학에 대한 담론 등이 다루어졌다.This study investigated one of the powerful education reformmovements in Europe in the end of the 19thcentury and thebeginning of the 20th century. These reform movements mostlyrejected intellectualism and cramming teaching methods, superficialmethods of education, authoritative relationships in school, etc. Thismovement is regarded as a radical youth movement and is called DerAnfang, meaning “start” in German. The movement took its namefrom its journal (“The Beginning”). Those who participated in thismovement were students who had received secondary education inGermany and Austria.This study dealt with the voices of the members of Journal Anfangand of its co-editors, Georges Barbizon in Berlin and SiegfriedBernfeld in Vienna, and their articles. Some of the themes that weredealt with were the relationship between the contemporary leadersand the youth, the Free the German Youth movement and theGerman Youth Movement, the concept of youth culture, the method of classroom education in subjects like history and religion, coedproblems with girls, and the activities of small groups of Anfang.This movement expanded very successfully, and its program andinstitutions were shaped effectively in a period of unity that lasteduntil January 1914.
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