Abstract
In many rivers of the Amazon, mainly along the Amazon River, the phenomenon of "fallen land" occurs at the time of the rivers' ebb, causing the erosion of river banks, resulting in major social and economic problems. The influence of saturation/percolation of soil layers on the shear resistance of the affected massifs is unknown. Thus, the main objective of the characterization and geotechnical modelling of these slopes is to determine the shear strength of the affected massifs. For this purpose, deformed and undeformed samples were collected from the various layers of the soil massif in a location where the phenomenon was under development. These samples were characterized physically, chemically, and mechanically. Subsequently, the massifs were recreated in reduced scale models, observing the critical conditions in which the disaster occurred, and qualitatively comparing them with slope stability computational models. The results showed that the layers are classified as silty and sandy soils, with a small fraction of clay, and that there are three types of movements associated with the fallen soils: the fall, overturning, and rotational landslide, all actively influenced by the effects of the river's ebb, saturation/percolation, and texture.
Highlights
The "Fallen Lands" in the words of the researchers [1] are attributed to the process of undermining the banks of large rivers, which in the post-phase of occurrence causes changes in the morphology of the drainage patterns of the channels
The results showed that the layers are classified as silty and sandy soils, with a small fraction of clay, and that there are three types of movements associated with the fallen soils: the fall, overturning, and rotational landslide, all actively influenced by the effects of the river's ebb, saturation/percolation, and texture
By consulting the unique bibliographies of Soil Mechanics such as [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], and so forth, on mass movement and pore-pressure in the soil, it is observed that this study is indispensable to the subject brought up, since the percolation study lends itself to a large number of practical problems, such as stability because the effective stress depends on pore-pressure, which in turn depends on the stresses caused by water percolation
Summary
The "Fallen Lands" in the words of the researchers [1] are attributed to the process of undermining the banks of large rivers, which in the post-phase of occurrence causes changes in the morphology of the drainage patterns of the channels. [3] recognized the following factors that cause the occurrence of Fallen Lands: climate, river erosion, water infiltration in the soil, and anthropic action (on a smaller scale). The concept of the fallen land is already well explained as erosion in relatively new rivers This no longer represents in our research the fallen lands in stricto sensu, a phenomenon that pervades geography, geology, and geotechnics (a branch of civil engineering concerned with the resolution of issues involving soils, rocks, and their interactions with structures). The geotechnical/geological process (the phases) of the Fallen Lands The fallen land described in the meticulous evaluation of [2] is in the Amazon River, resulting from the lateral erosion involving a complex process of simultaneous landslip (a), collapse (b), and landslide (c) The mechanism of these processes is explained in detail in the following paragraphs.
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