Abstract
This article presents the results of interdisciplinary research at Kushmanskoye (Uchkakar) fortifi ed settlement dating to the 9th– 13th centuries. Using geophysical methods, such as resistivity and magnetometry surveys, ground penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity tomography, we were able to assess the total area of the site (over 26,000 sq. m), outline its boundaries, evaluate its structure, and reconstruct the layout of all the three lines of defensive constructions. Various types of features were identifi ed: dwellings, utility structures, a group of household and production related pits, and the inner fortifi cation line. Excavations, carried out at all parts of the site but covering less than 1 % of its area, supported our preliminary conclusions based on geophysical data. The earliest fortifi cation line, unidentifi able by visual inspection, separates the inner and the middle parts of the site. The prospection survey has revealed the housing plan of the middle and outer parts of the settlement and the deep features outside the fortifi ed area. The thickness of the occupation layer and its preservation were assessed throughout the area. For the fi rst time at the site associated with the Cheptsa culture, the habitation horizon was revealed outside the fortifi ed area.
Highlights
This article presents the results of interdisciplinary research at Kushmanskoye (Uchkakar) fortified settlement dating to the 9th– 13th centuries
Using geophysical methods, such as resistivity and magnetometry surveys, ground penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity tomography, we were able to assess the total area of the site, outline its boundaries, evaluate its structure, and reconstruct the layout of all the three lines of defensive constructions
For the first time at the site associated with the Cheptsa culture, the habitation horizon was revealed outside the fortified area
Summary
В статье представлены итоги междисциплинарных исследований Кушманского городища Учкакар IX–XIII вв. 1 – пестроцветная бледно-желтая и бледно-рыжая глина; 2 – глина слоя 1, проработанная почвообразованием; 3 – серый и темно-серый золистый гумусированный суглинок, насыщенный углем и органическими остатками; ранний горизонт культурного слоя поселения (после прекращения функционирования внутренней линии укреплений); 4 – темный серо-коричневый золистый гумусированный суглинок, пограничный слой между ранним и поздним горизонтами; 5 – темно-серый гумусированный суглинок (верхняя часть распахана), поздний горизонт культурного слоя; 6 – погребенная почва; 7 – плотная, частично прокаленная глина; 8 – плотная красная глина, материк; 9 – дерн. 1 – планшет электропрофилирования; 2 – глиняная площадка; 3 – яма; 4 – объекты, наличие которых зафиксировано при геофизической съемке и подтверждено раскопками; 5 – объекты, обнаруженные при электро- и магниторазведке; 6 – объекты, выявленные электропрофилированием и электротомографией; 7 – объекты, зафиксированные только магниторазведкой; 8 – объекты, выявленные только электропрофилированием; 9 – глиняная насыпь и ров внутренней линии укреплений; 10 – траншея А.П.
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