Geomorphological and Structural Analysis of Waterfalls’ Formations in the Northwest Part of Kanger Valley National Park, Chhattisgarh, India

A 116 square-kilometer section of forest in the northwest part of Moscow, Elk Island National Park (Losynyi ostrov) became Russia’s first in 1983. Russian environmentalists became enamored with national parks through increased interaction with Western colleagues, Russian environmentalists, including the supporters of Elk Island National Park, asserted that the USSR’s lack of national parks demonstrated that Russian environmental protection efforts lagged behind the West. This strategy was successful in pushing the government to establish national parks, including Elk Island. However, Russian environmentalists have had much less success in convincing government officials to support, protect, and develop national parks, even as they frequently asserted that its failure to do so cast Russia in a bad light before the international community. Because of its highly visible location in Moscow, Elk Island’s struggles have been a particularly painful reminder for Russian environmentalists of the Russian Federation’s seeming disinterest in national parks.

Purpose This study examines experiences and enjoyment of national parks in the context of Tanzania.Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative methods is applied. The study area is Nyerere National Park in Tanzania. Data collected from fully completed structured questionnaires by 360 domestic tourists are subjected to descriptive statistics and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Content analysis is used to analyze qualitative data.Findings The findings have revealed that there is a significant relationship between direct experiences and enjoyment of southern national parks among domestic tourists.Research limitations/implications The suggestion is for future studies to explore a longitudinal approach to determine the patterns of domestic tourists in reference to experiences and enjoyment of national parks so as to improve domestic tourism.Practical implications The practical implication is for the government, private sector and tourism stakeholders to improve infrastructure and conduct regular surveys and tour guide training.Originality/value This study examines experiences and enjoyment of national parks in the context of Tanzania and, specifically analyzes the relationship between direct experiences and enjoyment of southern national parks among domestic tourists in Tanzania guided by types of tourists’ theory.

The intention of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) directly affects the sustainable development of protected areas, especially national parks, but few studies have done comparative research on tourist and hiker behaviors. This study explores the intention of tourists' and hikers' pro-environmental behavior based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and norm activation theory (NAM). Researchers surveyed 454 tourists and 466 hikers in Wuyishan National Park a structural equation modeling data analysis method. The results demonstrate that the TPB and the NAM were accurate in describing for tourists' and hikers' pro-environmental behavior in national park. However, for specific influencing factors, hikers' attitude, awareness of consequences, and assumption of responsibility were significantly different from those of the tourists. This study sheds light on how to better comprehend and advocate for PEB in national parks and proposes different management approaches to improve the PEB of tourists and hikers.

In the late 1960s, Acacia nilotica was introduced to Baluran National Park to establish fire breaks which would prevent the spread of fire from Baluran Savanna to the adjacent teak forest. However, A. nilotica has spread rapidly and has threatened the existence of Baluran Savanna as it has caused an ecosystem transition from an open savanna to a closed canopy of A. nilotica in some areas. This study is one of the few that examines A. nilotica invasion in Baluran National Park through remote sensing. Land cover dynamics were quantified using a supervised classification approach on Landsat 7 and 8 multi-spectral images. Results showed that savanna and A. nilotica can be recognized using a composite of bands 6, 5 and 3 of the Landsat 8 image. Across a 14-year period (2000-14), A. nilotica has spread far north and south from its originally introduced location, invading not only savannas but also dry forests in the Baluran National Park. The savanna size has decreased by 1,361 ha, meanwhile the A. nilotica stand has increased by 1,886 ha over this period. Spatial distribution of A. nilotica in Baluran National Park showed a clumped pattern. Acacia nilotica which develops into a homogeneous stand in the north-west and eastern parts of the national park occupied an area of 3,628 ha or about 14.5% of the total area. This study has demonstrated that remote sensing technology can be effectively used to estimate the patterns of distribution and amount of A. nilotica cover change over the whole Baluran National Park. This is one advantage of remote sensing and GIS, as it is difficult and expensive to make such direct assessments using the conventional approach of field survey and vegetation analysis.

<p>The Talas Range forms the northwest part of the Caledonides of the Northern Tian Shan. Based on differences in the structural style, metamorphism and sedimentary successions, three thrust sheets have been identified – the Uzunakhmat, Talas, and Kumyshtag thrust sheets. The Talas and Kumyshtag thrust sheets consist of Neoproterozoic-Ordovician terrigenous and carbonate rock units, whereas the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet consists of Neoproterozoic terrigenous rocks metamorphosed up to greenschist facies. The Uzunakhmat thrust sheet is separated from the Talas and Kumyshtag thrust sheets by the southwest-dipping Central Talas thrust (CTT). The dextral strike-slip Talas-Fergana Fault bounds the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet in the southwest. The main deformation events occurred in the Middle-Late Ordovician.</p><p>Structural and strain studies were done along profiles normal to the strike of folds and faults and located in the northwest and southeast parts of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet. We also incorporate in our study structural profile in the central part of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet, documented by Khudoley (1993) and Voytenko & Khudoley (2012).</p><p>The main strain indicators were detrital quartz grains in sandstones. Rf/φ and Normalized Fry methods were used to identify the amount of strain. Oblate ellipsoids predominate with Rxz values varying mostly from 1,6 to 2,4. Long axes of strain ellipsoids are sub-horizontal with the southeast to east-southeast trend. Similar trends have long axes of the anisotropy magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid being parallel to fold axes, cleavage-bedding intersection and mineral lineation as well as the trend of the major thrusts, including CTT.</p><p>The modern shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet is similar to an elongated triangle, pinching out northwest and expanding southeast. Cross-section balancing corrected for the amount of strain shows along-strike decreasing of shortening in the southeast direction. Total shortening varies from 35% to 55% between sections located about 15 km from each other. Such significant variation in shortening corresponds to variation in structural style with much more tight folds and more numerous thrusts for cross-sections with a higher amount of shortening. However, the restored length of all cross-sections is quite similar pointing to the approximately rectangular initial shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet. Our interpretation is that during the Caledonian tectonic events, the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet was displaced in the northwest direction with accompanied thrusting and folding of rock units within the thrust sheet. These deformations formed the modern shape of the thrust sheet in accordance with the amount of shortening detected by cross-section balancing. This interpretation also implies that modern erosion did not significantly affect shape of the Uzunakhmat thrust sheet formed after the Caledonian deformation.</p><p>Khudoley, A.K., 1993. Structural and strain analyses of the middle part of the Talassian Alatau ridge (Middle Asia, Kirgiystan). J. Struct. Geol. 6, 693–706.</p><p>Voytenko N.V., Khudoley A.K. Structural evolution of metamorphic rocks in the Talas Alatau, Tien Shan, Central Asia: Implication for early stages of the Talas-Ferghana Fault. // C. R. Geoscience. 2012. V. 344. P. 138–148.</p>

The information about location and size of past human settlements can give new insights into the analysis of landscape structures. Vodlozero National Park (NP) is one the largest strictly protected areas in Northwestern Europe. We mapped the location of historic villages, which were abandoned in 1958, and studied the effect of past human activity in the forest landscape in two different scales using forest survey data. We assessed the possible change in age, volume and tree species composition from the edge of open fields up to the distance of 5 km from villages. We made a larger landscape analysis using a grid of forest stands covering the whole northern part of the NP. The past human activity was clearly visible in the present forest landscape. Distance from villages affected age, volume and tree species composition of the forest stands. This effect was the strongest within the first two kilometers from the villages. At the level of whole northern NP, the proportion of spruce markedly increased after approximately 15 km from the nearest old village. The changes in the forests surrounding the villages were most likely the result of the intensive use of wood for different commodities needed in households and farming, in addition to short rotation slash and burn agriculture. If the occurrence of forest fires was more frequent closer to villages than in more remote areas, it can well explain the observed pattern in the abundance of spruce in the larger landscape that is less tolerant to fire than pine.

Research Article| February 01, 1971 Deformation of Lee-Side Laminae in Eolian Dunes EDWIN D McKEE; EDWIN D McKEE U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar JOHN R DOUGLASS; JOHN R DOUGLASS U. S. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 83020 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar SUZANNE RITTENHOUSE SUZANNE RITTENHOUSE U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1971) 82 (2): 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[359:DOLLIE]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 25 May 1970 rev-recd: 27 Aug 1970 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation EDWIN D McKEE, JOHN R DOUGLASS, SUZANNE RITTENHOUSE; Deformation of Lee-Side Laminae in Eolian Dunes. GSA Bulletin 1971;; 82 (2): 359–378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[359:DOLLIE]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Processes responsible for structures in sand dunes consist of (l) primary deposition by saltation and creep and by settling from suspension, (2) redeposition accompanying avalanching, and (3) penecontemporaneous erosion. Characteristics of dune structures were examined in the field by introducing marker beds of magnetite at times of sand deposition, thus recording original surfaces and making possible the determination of subsequent changes. Similar structures were examined in the laboratory by testing processes and comparing the resulting structural forms with corresponding natural features.Avalanching in sand is of two types: sand flow and slumping. Deformational structures characteristic of each were recorded in the field and were reproduced in the laboratory. Nine varieties of deformational structures are recognized and described. Analysis of these structures suggests criteria for distinguishing compressional types (lower dune slope) from tensional types (upper dune slope).The analysis of deformational structures also serves to distinguish between forms developed in cohesive sand and those in non-cohesive sand. Since the degree of cohesion is largely a function of the amount of moisture in the sand at the time of avalanching, the deformational structures provide a means for recognizing original dry sand, wet sand, sand crusts, and saturated sand surfaces in ancient deposits. A testing of these criteria was made by comparing laboratory samples with those of dry sand at White Sands, New Mexico, and with those of coastal dunes (probably wet sand) in southern Brazil. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

In a basement environment where groundwater is restricted to secondary permeability, structural analysis using remote sensing is a reliable and cheap method for the start-up process for groundwater exploration. In this study, remote sensing and GIS technology were employed as a major tool for groundwater prospecting in a part of North Central Nigeria; an area prone to water scarcity for more than half of every year. The geological map of the study area, Landsat7 ETM+, and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) imageries covering the area were employed in this study. Edge enhancements and directional filtering were carried out to enhance the visibility of lineaments on the Landsat imagery. To eliminate bias and subjectivity, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area were processed for further lineament detection. Results indicate that lineaments extracted from the Landsat imagery were in agreement with those obtained from the DEM. Those obtained from the NDVI analysis were also in agreement, except for a number of entirely new lineaments detected. This showed the importance of healthy vegetation aligned in a linear or curvilinear way as a major guide to detecting subsurface water-bearing zones that are not visible on the surface. Results also show that the dominant lineaments trend along the NE-SW direction. The northwest and central parts of the study area have relatively high lineament density, while the southern part has very low lineament density. These areas with high lineament density values are more feasible zones for groundwater prospecting. Keywords: Basement complex, Edge enhancement, Groundwater exploration, Landsat ETM+, NDVI

The purpose of the article is to identify environmental risks and economic problems of the formation of the national ecological network and development directions of “green” tourism in the recreational and protected areas in the context of the transition to sustainable development. Methodology. The abstract-logical method (in the process of theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions); methods of statistical, structural, and factor analysis (in the process of studying the structure and dynamics of the development of ecological networks); empirical research methods (comparison) are used. In preparing the article, the authors analysed the works of scientists, which reflect approaches to the definition of the role of ecological networks, the natural potential of recreational areas in the transition to sustainable development. Changes in nature are evaluated through indicators of the dynamics of areas of the nature reserve fund, which form the national ecological network. Results. According to the results of the study, it is determined that the area of Ukrainian land belonging to the components of the national ecological network increased by 201.3 thousand hectares in comparison with 2000, but since 2014 this area has decreased by 0.6 thousand hectares. The area of forests and forest cover area increased by 2.8 thousand hectares, and the area of grassland and pasture fell by 7.8 thousand hectares. There is a tendency to increase the area of arable land, since 2014 it has increased by 15.8 thousand hectares and is 32541.3 thousand hectares. Compared to 2014, the area of land under open development, quarries, mines, and related structures (157.1 thousand hectares) has increased by 0.8 thousand hectares and the land area used for transport and communication (496.8 thousand hectares) has increased (by 0.1 thousand hectares). In 2016, 32.5 billion UAH were spent on the protection of the environment by enterprises, organizations, and institutions of Ukraine, and in 2015 – 24.6 billion UAH respectively. Practical implications. The necessity of elaboration of regional measures to develop “green infrastructure” of ecosystem services is determined. In the regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop balanced approaches to the use of the potential of nature conservation area of tourist nature use, international experience of implementing cross-border tourism projects in the Carpathian National Nature Park, and to form integrated investment regional tourism projects of ecological orientation. State policy in the field of recreational nature management should regulate the development of recreation and tourism sphere, first of all, in view of compliance with the requirements of ecologically balanced use of natural resources and ecologically balanced development of territories. The introduction of green tourism development lines will have a positive effect on the formation of ecological networks. Particularly, these measures are necessary to find additional investments for environmental protection measures and the development of ecological networks in Ukraine. Value/originality. In regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to begin work on the creation of a network of hiking and cycle routes in nature protection recreational territories and in regional nature parks. Their operation will enable the development of ecological networks, green tourism, and ecological areas of hospitality in the country.

This research presents a set of geomorphological and geoheritage evidence from the Piana Crixia Natural Park, located in the northwest part of Italy. The Natural Park, which covers an area of just under 8 km2, was established for the conservation and enhancement of two geosites: the Piana Crixia mushroom, a 15 m high earth pyramid shaped in conglomerates representing an example of runoff erosion, and badlands landforms that crop out in the area, representing a regional uniqueness and characterize a landscape defined the ‘Langhe of Liguria’. The methodology includes bibliographic research, aerial photographs, fieldwork and analysis of the data provided by the Park's archives. The main maps were realized by combining lithological and geomorphological data with geoheritage elements and information about hiking and tourism. The 1:10,000 map represents the main area of the Piana Crixia Natural Park, while the 1:3000 map was designed to characterize the Piana Crixia mushroom.

This article reports the first finding of the Southern Swallowtail, Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Serbia. The butterfly fauna of Serbia now comprises 202 species. A single male specimen was collected on May 9th, 2025, on a warm, dry serpentinite slope in southwestern Serbia, in the Zlatibor Nature Park, Čajetina municipality, Stublo village, in the lower part of the Uvac canyon, near the Uvac monastery. This species inhabits dry and warm shrublands and grasslands. Its distribution area is highly fragmented and extends from northern Spain, south-eastern France to the North-west and southernmost parts of Italy, the southern Balkans, Türkiye, the Caucasus, the Middle East and Central Asia. It is listed in Annex IV of the Habitats Directive (92/43/CEE), in Appendix II of the Bern Convention and is classified as near threatened (NT) in Europe according to the IUCN. A proposal for the Serbian name is "sokolov repak".

Savanna vegetation structure parameters are important for assessing the biomes status under various disturbance scenarios. Despite free availability remote sensing data, the use of optical remote sensing data for savanna vegetation structure mapping is limited by sparse and heterogeneous distribution of vegetation canopy. Cloud and aerosol contamination lead to inconsistency in the availability of time series data necessary for continuous vegetation monitoring, especially in the tropics. Long- and medium wavelength microwave data such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with their low sensitivity to clouds and atmospheric aerosols, and high temporal and spatial resolution solves these problems. Studies utilising remote sensing data for vegetation monitoring on the other hand, lack quality reference data. This study explores the potential of high-resolution TLS-derived vegetation structure variables as reference to multi-temporal SAR datasets in savanna vegetation monitoring. The overall objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the potential of high-resolution TLS-data in extraction of savanna vegetation structure variables; (ii) to estimate landscape-wide aboveground biomass (AGB) and assess changes over four years using multi-temporal L-band SAR within a Lowveld savanna in Kruger National Park; and (iii) to assess interactions between C-band SAR with various savanna vegetation structure variables. Field inventories and TLS campaign were carried out in the wet and dry seasons of 2015 respectively, and provided reference data upon which AGB, CC and cover classes were modelled. L-band SAR modelled AGB was used for change analysis over 4 years, while multitemporal C-band SAR data was used to assess backscatter response to seasonal changes in CC and AGB abundant classes and cover classes. From the AGB change analysis, on average 36 ha of the study area (91 ha) experienced a loss in AGB above 5 t/ha over 4 years. A high backscatter intensity is observed on high abundance AGB, CC classes and large trees as opposed to low CC and AGB abundance classes and small trees. There is high response to all structure variables, with C-band VV showing best polarization in savanna vegetation mapping. Moisture availability in the wet season increases backscatter response from both canopy and background classes.

Development, Knowledge, Partnership, and ChangeIn Search of Collaborative Approaches to Environmental Governance Peter Leigh Taylor (bio) Minería, movimientos sociales y respuestas campesinas: Una ecología política de transformaciones territoriales. Edited by Anthony Bebbington. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos and Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales, 2007. Pp. 349. $22.00 paper. Producing Knowledge, Protecting Forests: Rural Encounters with Gender, Ecotourism, and International Aid in the Dominican Republic. By Light Carruyo. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2007. Pp. viii + 128. $45.00 cloth. Development with Identity: Community, Culture, and Sustainability in the Andes. Edited by Robert Rhoades. Wallingford, U.K.: CABI Publishing, 2006. Pp. v + 325. $115.00 cloth. Partnerships in Sustainable Forest Resource Management: Learning from Latin America. Edited by Mirjam A. F. Ros-Tonen, Heleen Van Den Hoombergh, and Annelies Zoomers. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Pp. xv + 329. $66.00 paper. Over the past two decades, researchers and practitioners have raised profound questions about environmental governance and development in rural Latin America, about the role of scientific research, and about the place of collaboration among social actors across multiple scales in pursuit of ecologically and socially sustainable livelihoods. How and by whom should development be defined, and whom should it serve? What possibilities exist for more positive relationships between traditional Western science and traditional indigenous knowledge? What is the potential for effective collaboration among diverse social actors, and what are the challenges and trade-offs of managing the interests of development and environment? What possibilities exist for real change, given the larger political economy of established interests, practices, and ways of describing what is possible and impossible? This review essay explores the contributions [End Page 262] of four recent books that deal, each in different ways, with development, knowledge, and partnerships as they relate to reshaping the landscape of social and environmental change in rural Latin America. Environmental Governance In an importance sense, all four books are about environmental governance in Latin America today. Environmental governance not only refers to state regulation and enforcement of conservation laws but also includes the political, organizational, and cultural frameworks through which highly diverse social actors and interests in natural and cultural resources are coordinated and controlled.1 Environmental governance shapes not only which social groups participate in and control development but also how the concept of development itself may be conceived and reconceived. Carruyo's case study, Producing Knowledge, Protecting Forests, explores how women and men in La Ciénaga, a community bordering the Dominican Republic's Armando Bermúdez National Park, engage development, create knowledge, and pursue their own well-being and that of their families. The twenty-one chapters of Development with Identity present a diverse set of natural and social science studies from a five-year collaborative research project in Cotacachi, Ecuador. Partnerships in Sustainable Forest Resource Management explores, in fourteen chapters, the possibilities and problems of the growing turn toward multiactor, cross-scale partnerships in international forest management. The seven chapters of Minería, movimientos sociales y respuestas campesinas provide both a critical theoretical framework and a detailed empirical examination of the territorial transformation set into motion by large-scale mining in Peru, Ecuador, and Guatemala. Critiquing Development In recent years, a broad range of research has highlighted widespread disillusionment with traditional approaches to development. Building on critiques of modernization theory by Andre Gunder Frank, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, and Immanuel Wallerstein, among others, researchers have deconstructed the centralized methodology, objectives, and definition of development drawn from idealized understandings of [End Page 263] the industrialized global North.2 Other researchers have analyzed the related and growing rejection of neoliberalism, privatization, and the privileging of global markets as a neutral allocator of costs and benefits.3 Carruyo frames her study within this critical literature. She draws especially on Gita Sen and Karen Grown's structural analysis of the gendered nature of development and on Arturo Escobar's contention that development itself is a first-world cultural construct.4 Following the recommendation of both of these works to turn to the local, Carruyo focuses on women so as to understand how alternative development might be identified through ethnographic analysis of local practices. Carruyo studies people who...

The spatial characterisation and vertical analysis are together considered important to evaluate structure of forested landscapes. In recent years, increased human impacts have resulted in changes in landscape and structure of the forest ecosystem. The present study is aimed to analyse impacts of disturbance on landscape structure using satellite remote sensing and a geographic information system (GIS) in Madhav National Park of India. The Landsat TM data have been used to identify vegetation types. The patch characteristics of the vegetation like size, shape, porosity and patch density have been studied. The physical and humanmade features have divided the national park in three zones. These zones are also utilised as management zones by the State Forest Department. The study indicates that the central zone is distinctly different from the south and north zones. The patch size and porosity have been found to be most important parameters to discriminate differences in the ecological status of three different zones of the park. The patchiness and shape provide supportive information and characterise the patches of the zones. The structural analysis of the vegetation revealed effect on species diversity and biomass distribution in the different disturbance regimes.

Along the past decades the prolific Talara Basin, located at the northwest part of the Peruvian coast, has been intensively studied based mainly on the huge amount of onshore wells on the area. Beside this, contributions come up from 3D seismic. These contributions are stratigraphic and/or structural analysis, which provide suggestions about reservoir communication, fault movement and optimize well positioning. The reservoir characterization methodology applied on this work used 3D PSDM seismic data. The first step aimed to better understand deep reservoir levels (Lower Eocene and Paleozoic), that are less sampled by wells than upper levels (e.g., Middle Eocene). The second step focused on Middle Eocene reservoirs, sampled by tens of wells with a good geological correlation. From well data and geological interpretation, it is well known that Lower Eocene reservoirs are high energy fluvial systems – this depositional pattern appeared with a distinct seismofacies in the entire seismic cube. Seismic data and well logs showed that Lower Eocene presents more fractures and faults than Middle Eocene. However, the relation between directions and fracture classification as open, semi-open or closed fractures was not conclusive. The seismic facies found at Middle Eocene show sin-depositional differential tectonics movements that could have caused compartmentalization. At this level, seismic facies are very clear, with strong and parallel reflectors, indicating the presence of amalgamated lobes (probably derived from erosion of an eastern ridge located). Identified seismic anomalies were mainly related to structural highs, associated to hydrocarbon saturated reservoirs. An understanding of stress field behavior along geological time is very important to achieve a better trapping model and hydrocarbon migration routes. In this work, the high number of structures observed provided the tools to set up an event chronology. According to the stress history, N70W normal faults acted as migration routes probably during Miocene. Considering the last compressive reactivations (occurred between Upper Eocene and Oligocene) these previously migration routes could be changed to sealing faults.