Abstract
Ray equations appropriate for ocean acoustic propagation through an inhomogeneous and moving ocean are put forth with applications to sound scattering by internal waves. The result reveals the important role played by range dependent horizontal current shear. The Garrett–Munk internal wave model and observations of upper ocean shear and sound speed fluctuations suggest that inertial frequency upper ocean shear may play a comparable role to internal wave induced sound speed fluctuations as a source of upper ocean acoustic scattering.
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