Abstract
To explore the regional characteristics of multielement and stable isotopes in tequila and the viability of tracing the geographical origin, both inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were applied in this study to determine the multielement content and stable isotope ratios of tequila. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) as chemometrics were conducted in combination to establish a model for determining the geographical origin of Mexican tequila. According to the analytical results, the content of 22 elements varied, as did the ranges of stable isotope δ13C and δ18O values for the tequila obtained from the 4 producing areas. Besides, there were regional characteristics shown to some extent. PCA and PLS-DA methods can be adopted to identify the geographical origin of tequila in Mexico. According to the discriminant verification of 16 samples, the accuracy of prediction reached 93.75%. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish tequila of different geographical origins in Mexico by combining the determination of the multielement content and stable isotope ratios with chemometric analysis, which lays a foundation for tracing the geographical origin of tequila.
Highlights
Tequila refers to a distilled alcoholic product made from blue agave grown across the 4 legal states of Mexico including Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacan, and Tamaulipas
Erefore, it is imperative to develop new technologies that are effective, fast, and accurate in identifying the geographical origin and quality of tequila. At present, such solutions as mineral element fingerprint method [1,2,3,4], aroma fingerprint method [5], and stable isotope mass spectrometry (IRMS) technology [6,7,8] have been commonly applied for food production
Using the 49 mineral elements combined with the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, S, and Sr, Bontempo et al [19] identified the geographical origin of 10 cheese samples obtained from the Alps; the correct classification rate of the samples reached up Journal of Food Quality to 94%
Summary
Tequila refers to a distilled alcoholic product made from blue agave grown across the 4 legal states of Mexico including Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacan, and Tamaulipas. Erefore, it is imperative to develop new technologies that are effective, fast, and accurate in identifying the geographical origin and quality of tequila At present, such solutions as mineral element fingerprint method [1,2,3,4], aroma fingerprint method [5], and stable isotope mass spectrometry (IRMS) technology [6,7,8] have been commonly applied for food production. Combined with the stoichiometric PCA-LDA, Yuan Yuwei et al [11] used the content of 27 mineral elements and the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and H to identify the tea obtained from Fujian, Shandong, and Zhejiang, with the accuracy rate reaching 99%. It can be judged from above that the use of stable isotopes and mineral elements in combination with stoichiometry can produce a better outcome in tracing the geographical origin of tea
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