Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), coupled with principal component analysis and wavelength selection techniques, has been used to develop a robust and reliable reduced-spectrum classification model for determining the geographical origins of Nanfeng mandarins. The application of the changeable size moving window principal component analysis (CSMWPCA) provided a notably improved classification model, with correct classification rates of 92.00%, 100.00%, 90.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 100.00% for Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Baishe, Baofeng, Qiawan, Sanxi samples, respectively, as well as, a total classification rate of 97.52% in the wavelength range from 1007 to 1296 nm. To test and apply the proposed method, the procedure was applied to the analysis of 59 samples in an independent test set. Good identification results (correct rate of 96.61%) were also received. The improvement achieved by the application of CSMWPCA method was particularly remarkable when taking the low complexities of the final model (290 variables) into account. The results of the study showed the great potential of NIRS as a fast, nondestructive and environmentally acceptable method for the rapid and reliable determination for geographical classification of Nanfeng mandarins.
Highlights
Nanfeng mandarin, native to Nanfeng county, Jiangxi province, as one of the famous and precious citrus varieties in China, is a kind of distinctive products of geographical indication with a very long cultivation history
Multivariate calibration techniques must be used for modeling based on near infrared spectra
Chemometric data reduction (CSMWPCA) and pattern recognition methods are a natural choice for analysis of such complex, inter-related NIR spectral data
Summary
Native to Nanfeng county, Jiangxi province, as one of the famous and precious citrus varieties in China, is a kind of distinctive products of geographical indication with a very long cultivation history. It is an extremely popular product and an important international traded commodity in Nangfeng county, with its features of thin skin, soft and succulent pulp, sweet and sour tastes, intense in aroma, unique °avor and seedless. The Nanfeng mandarin, introduced to other places in China grows well and shows similar appearance, there are di®erences in taste to some extent. With the aim of guaranteeing authenticity and protecting the consumer from fraudulent labeling of mandarin, a means of di®erentiating mandarins from di®erent geographical locations must be devised
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