Geographic Information System as an instrument to determine suitable areas and identify suitable zones to the development of emerging marine finfish farming in Brazil

Abstract

Worldwide, the availability of suitable areas for aquaculture has become a significant concern. In Brazil, the former Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MPA) has begun to promote discussions and plan meetings on Local Mariculture Development Plans (PLDMs): a planning tool for the establishment of parks and aquatic areas. However, hundreds of groups and individuals still practice aquaculture awaiting a definitive license. This study aimed to serve as a tool to identify suitable sites for the installation of cobia cage farming and also to contribute to the PLDM zoning process. We created 27 criterion maps for marine fish farming. Their individual weights were assigned based on the best judgment of technicians, researchers and other stakeholders using the pair-wise comparison method. The criteria and their weights were combined using multi-criteria decision rules, and a final map according to suitability was derived by reclassification. Of the total area, 54,663 ha (14%) were composed of restrictions, and 341,083 ha (86%) were found useful; of which <1% is considered top score. Even so, these are more than enough to ensure the growth of activity. In Rio de Janeiro state, two bays have suitable areas to marine fish culture development. To ensure the sustainability of marine fish farming, we suggested the adoption of limited production areas based on assimilation and production capacity. Through this methodological approach, it was possible to identify suitable areas for cobia farming development. Additionally, the results may serve as a useful tool on which the PLDM can be based on.