Abstract
This article provides a geological review and results of the structural, metamorphic, and geochronological studies of the Pechenga frame outcrops located in the NW part of the Central-Kola terrain and the Ingozero massif outcrops situated in the northeastern part of the Belomorian mobile belt of the Kola Region (NW Baltic Shield). As a result of the work, the deformation scales and ages of the geological processes at the Neo-Archaean–Paleoproterozoic stage of the area’s development were compiled, and the reference rocks were dated. The petrochemical and geochemical characteristics of the Ingozero rocks are similar to those of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) complexes established on other Archaean shields. The isotope U–Pb dating of individual zircon grains from the biotite gneisses provided the oldest age for magmatic protolith of the Ingozero gneisses, which is 3149 ± 46 Ma. Sm–Nd model ages showed that the gneisses protolite initial melt formed at 3.1–2.8 Ga. Ages of metamorphic processes were determined by using isotope U–Pb dating ID TIMS (isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry): Biotite gneisses—2697 ± 9 Ma; amphibole–biotite gneisses—2725 ± 2 Ma and 2667 ± 7 Ma; and biotite–amphibole gneisses 2727 ± 5 Ma. Ages of granitoids, which cut the deformed gneisses, are 2615 ± 8 Ma and 2549 ± 31 Ma for plagiogranites and pegmatoid veins in gneisses, respectively. The following age sequence of geological processes was established by using U–Pb zircon dating: 2.8 Ga—The time of the garnet–biotite gneiss metamorphism; 2722 ± 9 Ma—The granodiorite crystallization time; 2636 ± 41 Ma—The aplite emplacement age and 2620 ± 16 Ma—The age of pegmatites origin, which marked final stages of the Archaean evolution; 2587 ± 5 Ma—The age of gabbros emplacement and 2507 ± 7 Ma—The age of gabbros metamorphism; 2522–2503 Ma—The origin time of the iron quartzite interpreted as the age of gabbros and biotite gneiss metamorphism.
Highlights
The Ingozero massif and the Pechenga structure frame belong to the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites complex, i.e., the TTG complex in the Kola Region (NE Baltic Shield) [1,2,3].The Ingozero massif is located in the northeastern part of the Belomorsky mobile belt (Figure 1, [4,5])and mainly composed of different gneisses and granitoids [1,6,7,8,9]
The following age sequence of geological processes was established by using U–Pb zircon dating: 2.8 Ga—The time of the garnet–biotite gneiss metamorphism;
± 5 Ma—The age of gabbros emplacement and 2507 ± 7 Ma—The age of gabbros metamorphism; 2522–2503 Ma—The origin time of the iron quartzite interpreted as the age of gabbros and biotite gneiss metamorphism
Summary
The Ingozero massif and the Pechenga structure frame belong to the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites complex, i.e., the TTG complex in the Kola Region (NE Baltic Shield) [1,2,3].The Ingozero massif is located in the northeastern part of the Belomorsky mobile belt (Figure 1, [4,5])and mainly composed of different gneisses and granitoids [1,6,7,8,9]. The Ingozero massif and the Pechenga structure frame belong to the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites complex, i.e., the TTG complex in the Kola Region (NE Baltic Shield) [1,2,3]. It is considered to be the oldest intrusion of granodiorites, tonalities, and plagiogranites surrounded by the TTG complex gneisses [2]. The Sm–Nd-model data of the Ingozero massif gneisses are in the range of 3.1–2.8 Ga [7], the U–Pb. Minerals 2019, 9, 767; doi:10.3390/min9120767 www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals. Minerals 2019, 9, 767 zircon age is 3.1 Ga [10]. Ages of the oldest rocks of the Kola Region were determined by detrital zircons dating, and are more than 3.0 Ga [10,11,12,13]
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