Abstract
Fifty groundwater samples were obtained pre and post-monsoon seasons in parts of hard rock terrain in Andhra Pradesh, South India, in order to assess the drinking water quality. PIG values of groundwater samples ranged from 0.95–1.53 and 0.83–1.28 during pre and post-monsoon seasons. PIG values are slightly higher in the pre-monsoon season when compared to the post-monsoon season. In the pre monsoon season, 96% of the groundwater samples showed insignificant pollution class (< 1), 4% of the groundwater samples are low pollution (1–1.5). 82% of the groundwater samples showed insignificant pollution status (< 1), 18% of the groundwater samples fall under the low pollution (1–1.5), is noticed in post-monsoon season, respectively. WQI values of groundwater samples ranged from 108.5–204 mg/L and 112.6–170 mg/L during pre and post-monsoon seasons; its shows that 100% are very poor for drinking purpose. Piper diagram reveals that groundwater is majorly mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−, Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42−, Na+-K+-Cl−- SO42− type in this region. The Gibbs plot indicates that groundwater samples fall within the field of rock dominance. Through applying GIS techniques, the spatial distribution of groundwater quality analysis reveals that most of the groundwater samples do not comply drinking water quality standards and water needs to be prior treatment before consumption.
Highlights
In this environment, water is important for the life of plants, animals and all living things
After sampling, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined in the field itself. pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) are measured by pH metre, conductivity metre, Total dissolved solids (TDS) by TDS metre (Raghunath 2003); titrimetric method was employed for determination of Total Hardness, C a2+, Mg2+, HCO3− and C l− while N a+ and K+ are measured by flame photometry (Model No.128; Systronic Company), SO42− and NO3− are measured by spectrophotometric method)
Hydrogeochemical analysis of the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes The results of the groundwater study and statistical data of groundwater samples collected during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons are present in Table 2, and the ion concentration is contrasted with that of the World Health
Summary
Water is important for the life of plants, animals and all living things. In the case of detrital rocks of sedimentary origin determination of grain size, fabric, roundness and sphericity of grains are resorted to decipher their genetic history, while non-detrital rocks like argillaceous and calcareous sedimentary rocks, chemical analysis is diagnostic value (Subba Rao 2018; AlOmran et al 2016). This may reflect the nature of the source material, conditions of transport and environmental conditions of deposition. Recognition of several related geochemical processes will aid to understand the causes of water quality changes due to contact with aquifer in particular in weathered rock formations. Knowledge of geochemical processes that govern groundwater chemistry is important for understanding groundwater quality issues (Sreedevi et al 2019)
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