Abstract
Thirty-five Anatolian water buffalo were selected from among a total of almost 7000 animals from 11 herds in the Kızılırmak Delta, which is known to be one of the most important areas for water buffalo farming in Turkey. The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) method was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 3 loci that are associated with milk production, namely PRL, CSN3, and PIT-1, which are associated with milk processing and milk yields, respectively. Sequence-tagged sites of PRL, CSN3, and PIT-1 were digested by restriction endonucleases RsaI, HindIII, and HinfI, respectively. Capillary electrophoretic analysis identified all samples as belonging to the GG and BB genotypes, which are undesirable genotypes for PRL and PIT-1 gene loci, but ideal for the CSN3 locus. Then the samples were sequenced by an ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). DNA sequencing of the amplified CSN3 fragment revealed one polymorphism at codon 135 (ThrACC > IleATC) in some samples. A homozygous structure was found for all three loci and the huge population loss between 1991 and 2008 suggests that a genetic bottleneck may have occurred in the population of Anatolian water buffalo in the Kızılırmak Delta.
Highlights
The most significant wetland along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, the Kızılırmak Delta encompasses 56,000 ha within the districts of Ondokuzmayıs, Bafra, and Alaçam in the Central Black Sea province of Samsun [1]
A 320-bp sequence-tagged site (STS) fragment of prolactin gene (PRL) was amplified by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
For genotyping of STS of CSN3, a 556-bp fragment was amplified by PCR
Summary
The most significant wetland along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, the Kızılırmak Delta encompasses 56,000 ha within the districts of Ondokuzmayıs, Bafra, and Alaçam in the Central Black Sea province of Samsun [1]. The Anatolian water buffalo is a member of the river buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis), one of two species of domesticated buffalo, and has been bred in Turkey for over 1000 years [2,3]. Anatolian water buffalo are well adapted to the hot and humid climate of the Kızılırmak Delta and their presence is vital for rangeland vegetation, bird and fish species, and lake sedimentation. They are an essential element of the regional economy, with many delta residents earning their livelihood by nature-dependent production of Anatolian water buffalo [4] bred principally for milk, kaymak (a type of cream traditionally made from buffalo milk), yogurt, and cheese
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