Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of genotype-environment interaction (GE) on common bean cultivars with carioca grain (cream-colored beans with light brown stripes), recommended for cultivation by different Brazilian research institutions in the last 40 years. The experiments were carried out with 40 cultivars in four different environments (Coimbra and Viçosa, in the dry and winter seasons of 2013) using a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed an effective increase in grain yield resulting from the use of new cultivars from different Brazilian breeding programs in the past four decades. In addition, the analysis of the GE interaction indicated that the cultivars recommended after 2005 combined high mean grain yield, wide adaptability and high or stability.
Highlights
Common bean is an essential staple crop in Brazil
Among the common bean types grown in Brazil, most breeding programs have focused mainly on carioca-grain lines, due to the high market demand, since these cultivars are planted on more than 70% of the common bean production area in the country (Souza et al 2013)
The development of superior lines in terms of grain yield, plant architecture, grain-processing quality, stress resistance, wide adaptation, and yield stability is an unchanging goal in plant breeding programs (Moda Cirino et al 2012)
Summary
Common bean is an essential staple crop in Brazil. The country is a major producer and consumer of this legume, with a production of 2.83 million tons in the2012/2013 growing season (CONAB 2013). The mean grain yield lingered around 550 kg ha-1 for many years (Backes et al 2005) This scenario was significantly optimized in recent decades, in response to the evolution of cultural practices and planting of improved cultivars, which led to a 73% increase in grain yield between 1985 and 2011. Among the common bean types grown in Brazil, most breeding programs have focused mainly on carioca-grain lines, due to the high market demand, since these cultivars are planted on more than 70% of the common bean production area in the country (Souza et al 2013). Since common bean is a crop sensitive to environmental variations, the development of genotypes with wide adaptation, high stability and high mean yield has become one of the alternatives to mitigate the effects of GE interaction and make the recommendation of cultivars more reliable (Melo et al 2007). The estimation of adaptability and stability parameters contributes to the description of the response of these genotypes to environmental variations, solidifying the recommendation of new cultivars (Silva et al 2013)
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